buildings (for non-residential buildings with an enclosed volume over 1000 m
3 ) to
identify hazardous and other waste fractions [15].
To explore other main guidelines to incentive the recycling percentage, it is
interesting to analyse the countries that have the highest percentage of recycling,
based on the country screening factsheet of the research “Resource Efficient Use of
Mixed Waste”. Analysing Germany and The Netherland’s policies, it is noted that
both countries had waste regulation before the WDF.
Germany took the initiative in 1996 through a voluntary commitment to cut in
half the amounts of CDW landfilled. The high recycling rates were achieved
although there is no national ban on landfilling of CDW material. The initiative
“Kreislaufwirtschaft Bau” (Circular Economy in Building) has been documenting
mineral construction and demolition waste arising and treatment since 1995, setting
waste reduction targets. It can be seen as one of the main reasons for the high
recovery rates that are observed today (96%).
With regard to The Netherlands, since January 1st, 1994, the Dutch legislation
on waste can be found primarily in the Environmental Management Act (Wet
Milieubeheer; Wm), which already sets the waste hierarchy (used before the WFD).
However, a large number of issues was not in the law itself, but was regulated at
local level: provincial environmental regulations or municipal waste regulations
(such as landfills and waste bans).
Furthermore, these countries have many legislative instruments that follow the
WFD. In Germany the Ordinance on the Management of Municipal Wastes
(Gewerbeabfallverordnung) contains national obligations for selective demolition.
It defines on a national level, separation and requirements regarding the
pre-treatment of CDW.
In The Netherland, in order to implement Directive 2008/98, the Minister of the
Environment submitted a proposal in 2010 to amend the Environmental Protection
Act (Wm), the Law on environmental taxes and the Law on economic offenses.
The main strategies present in the countries with high level of recycling, (differently to country with low level of recycling) are non-legislative instruments.
They contribute to create good conditions for the management of CDW recycling.
In Germany several municipalities already integrate the preferred use of recycled
construction material in their calls for tenders (even if this is not a standard).
Demolition has to be performed by authorized companies, which need to be certified (Regional level). Moreover, different regional standards for recycled CDW
exist and are defined in the respective waste management plans. In Germany,
Sustainable Building Certificate is an important driver. A voluntary scheme run by
the German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB) encourages the practice of
recycling. It sets particular criteria regarding CDW.
Also in The Netherland, the role of non-legislative instruments is strong.
Relating to pre-demolition audits, it is mandatory to have a demolition license for
every demolition with more than 10 m
3 of waste (Model Bouwverordening MBV).
Selective demolition (Kaderrichtlijn Afvalstoffen) companies must be registered in
order to carry, collecting or trade waste. Moreover, a “passport” for buildings was
developed which contains what substances are in the materials of the building.
Guidelines for Effective and Sustainable …
217
3 ) to
identify hazardous and other waste fractions [15].
To explore other main guidelines to incentive the recycling percentage, it is
interesting to analyse the countries that have the highest percentage of recycling,
based on the country screening factsheet of the research “Resource Efficient Use of
Mixed Waste”. Analysing Germany and The Netherland’s policies, it is noted that
both countries had waste regulation before the WDF.
Germany took the initiative in 1996 through a voluntary commitment to cut in
half the amounts of CDW landfilled. The high recycling rates were achieved
although there is no national ban on landfilling of CDW material. The initiative
“Kreislaufwirtschaft Bau” (Circular Economy in Building) has been documenting
mineral construction and demolition waste arising and treatment since 1995, setting
waste reduction targets. It can be seen as one of the main reasons for the high
recovery rates that are observed today (96%).
With regard to The Netherlands, since January 1st, 1994, the Dutch legislation
on waste can be found primarily in the Environmental Management Act (Wet
Milieubeheer; Wm), which already sets the waste hierarchy (used before the WFD).
However, a large number of issues was not in the law itself, but was regulated at
local level: provincial environmental regulations or municipal waste regulations
(such as landfills and waste bans).
Furthermore, these countries have many legislative instruments that follow the
WFD. In Germany the Ordinance on the Management of Municipal Wastes
(Gewerbeabfallverordnung) contains national obligations for selective demolition.
It defines on a national level, separation and requirements regarding the
pre-treatment of CDW.
In The Netherland, in order to implement Directive 2008/98, the Minister of the
Environment submitted a proposal in 2010 to amend the Environmental Protection
Act (Wm), the Law on environmental taxes and the Law on economic offenses.
The main strategies present in the countries with high level of recycling, (differently to country with low level of recycling) are non-legislative instruments.
They contribute to create good conditions for the management of CDW recycling.
In Germany several municipalities already integrate the preferred use of recycled
construction material in their calls for tenders (even if this is not a standard).
Demolition has to be performed by authorized companies, which need to be certified (Regional level). Moreover, different regional standards for recycled CDW
exist and are defined in the respective waste management plans. In Germany,
Sustainable Building Certificate is an important driver. A voluntary scheme run by
the German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB) encourages the practice of
recycling. It sets particular criteria regarding CDW.
Also in The Netherland, the role of non-legislative instruments is strong.
Relating to pre-demolition audits, it is mandatory to have a demolition license for
every demolition with more than 10 m
3 of waste (Model Bouwverordening MBV).
Selective demolition (Kaderrichtlijn Afvalstoffen) companies must be registered in
order to carry, collecting or trade waste. Moreover, a “passport” for buildings was
developed which contains what substances are in the materials of the building.
Guidelines for Effective and Sustainable …
217