Tools are used to understand what is possible to do in construction and demolition
in order to be sustainable. Eventually it leads to obtaining the BREEAM certificate.
The Netherlands promotes initiatives focused on trying to get the quality of reusable
concrete as high as possible and offering sustainable wood.
In Italy, there is the legislative instrument Decree 205/2010 as implementation of
WFD. In legislative framework the drive of Green Public Procurement (GPP)
requirements, that incentive waste recovery, has important role. Indeed, the use of
recycled materials becomes mandatory and strategic in the assignment of the tender.
The project must contain second raw materials, at least 15% by weight on all
materials used (with 5% in non-structural materials). This percentage must be
documented. Moreover GPP requirements promotes the application of
Environmental Product Declaration. Instead, non-legislative instruments (such as
pre-demolition audit, demolition license etc.) are not so much promoted.
Overall, in countries where non-legislative instruments are not highly used, the
recycling percentage is low.
6 Guidelines for Sustainable Strategies
Given that the Directive 2008/98/CE shows the percentage in weight, and the 60–
70% (by weight) of CDW is composed of concrete and masonry, as a result the
directive target is achieved in the majority of Member States. Indeed, as a result, it
was found that in many countries, the target is achieved through the recycling of
aggregates for road foundations, earth works and backfilling, even if these works
are not “high quality recycling” as required by Article 11 of WFD (and resulting in
a loss of economic value of inert).
To achieve a sustainable recycling management, it is important to consider
material recycling with the approach of Life Cycle Management, as an integrated
approach, based on technology and process defined considering LCA and LCC
results.
This approach can be useful to support the waste hierarchy of WFD, to make a
decision about the best way to reuse, recycle or dispose waste materials. It is clear
that since the CDW has high “embodied” environmental impacts (in terms of the
investment done to produce what turn into waste), the re-use or recycling can
eliminate the need for further investment in primary production [16]. Obviously
prevention is often the best possible solution for the environment avoiding the
replacement and prolonging the service life of components.
A life cycle approach is important to move towards an upcycling of waste, to
improve the economy and creating an effective sustainable market.
To make CDW recycling management more effective and sustainable it is
important to apply a LCT in non-legislative instruments.
The objective of this paper is to suggest sustainable guidelines to improve work
of legislative operators, and local authority action. Following, the main important
218
S. Giorgi et al.
in order to be sustainable. Eventually it leads to obtaining the BREEAM certificate.
The Netherlands promotes initiatives focused on trying to get the quality of reusable
concrete as high as possible and offering sustainable wood.
In Italy, there is the legislative instrument Decree 205/2010 as implementation of
WFD. In legislative framework the drive of Green Public Procurement (GPP)
requirements, that incentive waste recovery, has important role. Indeed, the use of
recycled materials becomes mandatory and strategic in the assignment of the tender.
The project must contain second raw materials, at least 15% by weight on all
materials used (with 5% in non-structural materials). This percentage must be
documented. Moreover GPP requirements promotes the application of
Environmental Product Declaration. Instead, non-legislative instruments (such as
pre-demolition audit, demolition license etc.) are not so much promoted.
Overall, in countries where non-legislative instruments are not highly used, the
recycling percentage is low.
6 Guidelines for Sustainable Strategies
Given that the Directive 2008/98/CE shows the percentage in weight, and the 60–
70% (by weight) of CDW is composed of concrete and masonry, as a result the
directive target is achieved in the majority of Member States. Indeed, as a result, it
was found that in many countries, the target is achieved through the recycling of
aggregates for road foundations, earth works and backfilling, even if these works
are not “high quality recycling” as required by Article 11 of WFD (and resulting in
a loss of economic value of inert).
To achieve a sustainable recycling management, it is important to consider
material recycling with the approach of Life Cycle Management, as an integrated
approach, based on technology and process defined considering LCA and LCC
results.
This approach can be useful to support the waste hierarchy of WFD, to make a
decision about the best way to reuse, recycle or dispose waste materials. It is clear
that since the CDW has high “embodied” environmental impacts (in terms of the
investment done to produce what turn into waste), the re-use or recycling can
eliminate the need for further investment in primary production [16]. Obviously
prevention is often the best possible solution for the environment avoiding the
replacement and prolonging the service life of components.
A life cycle approach is important to move towards an upcycling of waste, to
improve the economy and creating an effective sustainable market.
To make CDW recycling management more effective and sustainable it is
important to apply a LCT in non-legislative instruments.
The objective of this paper is to suggest sustainable guidelines to improve work
of legislative operators, and local authority action. Following, the main important
218
S. Giorgi et al.