360
Emissions
embedded/embodied , 125 , 163–165 , 170 ,
172 , 175 , 176
greenhouse gas , 33 , 37 , 163 , 164 , 172 , 175 ,
183 , 189 , 194 , 335 , 346
Energy intensity , 128 , 143 , 144 , 347
Energy use , 9 , 80 , 81 , 102 , 118 , 121–123 , 143 ,
145 , 146 , 155 , 182 , 185–188 , 192 , 194 ,
304 , 308 , 309 , 313 , 314
Enforcement agencies , 305 , 306 , 312
Engines , 95 , 141 , 142 , 150 , 152 , 154 , 332 , 334 , 337
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) , 4 ,
49 , 93 , 104 , 105 , 188 , 333 , 335 , 340
European Union (EU)
Ecodesign of Energy Using Products
Directive , 266
extended producer responsibility , 235 , 236 ,
304 , 309 , 320
integrated product policy , 266
REACH , 304
resource effi ciency roadmap , 267
Waste Framework Directive , 266 , 269
Extended producer responsibility (EPR) , 235 ,
236 , 277–278 , 304 , 309–313 , 320
Exports , 9 , 124 , 160 , 161 , 164 , 170 , 171 , 175 , 184
F
Fair trade , 207
Fiscal intervention , 273
Food , 5 , 33 , 50 , 73 , 74 , 77 , 132 , 140 , 183 ,
185–187 , 189–191 194 , 197 , 211 , 242 ,
267–270 292 , 295 , 297 , 320 , 344–346 ,
349 , 350 , 353 , 356
Footprints
carbon , 31 , 46 , 56 , 124 , 125 , 164 , 171 ,
182–193 , 195–197
ecological , 74 , 175 , 270 , 296 , 297
household , 185 , 186
labour , 170
personal , 182
trade , 163 , 170 , 171 , 173 , 174
water , 171 , 173
Forecasting , 56
G
GDP , 26 , 123 , 131 , 132 , 140 , 160–162 , 174 ,
230–231 , 239
Globalisation , 159 , 160 , 170 , 174
Goods as services , 141–142 , 151
Government
municipal , 71 , 278
participative , 216
H
Hazardous substances directive , 304
Household , 23 , 37 , 76 , 123 , 130 , 181–197 ,
209 , 242 , 269 , 271 , 282 , 292 , 304 , 312
Housing , 140 , 183 , 188–190 197 , 211
I
Income , 123–125 , 131 , 139 , 163 , 173 ,
186–189 , 193–197 , 217 , 218 , 222 , 239
Industrial symbiosis , 11 , 88 , 94 , 103 , 104 ,
107 , 108 , 214
Inequality/inequity , 118 , 163 , 173 , 196
Infrastructure , 22 , 27 , 29 , 70 , 73 , 74 , 77 , 80 ,
118–120 , 123–125 , 127 , 128 , 130–132 ,
139 , 140 , 142 , 150 , 153 , 170 , 230 , 231 ,
234 , 249 , 271–273 , 277 , 278 , 280–283 ,
286 , 294 , 311 , 329 , 337 , 346 , 354
Input-output analysis , 10 , 13 , 23 , 151 ,
253 , 256
multi-region , 171
Integrated assessment model (IAM) , 23 , 24 ,
26 , 31 , 35–38 , 119–120 , 122
Integrated product policy (IPP) , 266
Intensity
carbon , 31 , 125 , 144 , 164 , 175 , 188 ,
193 , 294
emission , 128 , 131 , 143 , 144
energy , 128 , 129 , 143 , 144 , 347
material , 143–144 , 148 , 347
International Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) ,
118 , 119 , 121 , 125 , 128 , 131 , 143 , 151 ,
183 , 296 , 320
Internet of things (IoT) , 329
K
Kalundborg , 11 , 88–91 , 93 , 95 , 102 , 105 , 107 ,
347 , 353 , 356 , 357
L
Labour conditions , 171 , 173 , 216
child labour , 169 , 171
Land use change (LUC) , 293 , 295 , 296 , 335
Legislation
product-based environmental , 318 , 329
environmental , 142 , 303
Leisure , 191 , 192 , 195 , 197 , 211
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
attributional , 28 , 31 , 335 , 339
consequential , 24 , 28 , 32–34 , 47 , 335 , 339
hybrid , 28 , 47 , 57 , 174
social , 48 , 51 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 172 , 213
Index
Emissions
embedded/embodied , 125 , 163–165 , 170 ,
172 , 175 , 176
greenhouse gas , 33 , 37 , 163 , 164 , 172 , 175 ,
183 , 189 , 194 , 335 , 346
Energy intensity , 128 , 143 , 144 , 347
Energy use , 9 , 80 , 81 , 102 , 118 , 121–123 , 143 ,
145 , 146 , 155 , 182 , 185–188 , 192 , 194 ,
304 , 308 , 309 , 313 , 314
Enforcement agencies , 305 , 306 , 312
Engines , 95 , 141 , 142 , 150 , 152 , 154 , 332 , 334 , 337
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) , 4 ,
49 , 93 , 104 , 105 , 188 , 333 , 335 , 340
European Union (EU)
Ecodesign of Energy Using Products
Directive , 266
extended producer responsibility , 235 , 236 ,
304 , 309 , 320
integrated product policy , 266
REACH , 304
resource effi ciency roadmap , 267
Waste Framework Directive , 266 , 269
Extended producer responsibility (EPR) , 235 ,
236 , 277–278 , 304 , 309–313 , 320
Exports , 9 , 124 , 160 , 161 , 164 , 170 , 171 , 175 , 184
F
Fair trade , 207
Fiscal intervention , 273
Food , 5 , 33 , 50 , 73 , 74 , 77 , 132 , 140 , 183 ,
185–187 , 189–191 194 , 197 , 211 , 242 ,
267–270 292 , 295 , 297 , 320 , 344–346 ,
349 , 350 , 353 , 356
Footprints
carbon , 31 , 46 , 56 , 124 , 125 , 164 , 171 ,
182–193 , 195–197
ecological , 74 , 175 , 270 , 296 , 297
household , 185 , 186
labour , 170
personal , 182
trade , 163 , 170 , 171 , 173 , 174
water , 171 , 173
Forecasting , 56
G
GDP , 26 , 123 , 131 , 132 , 140 , 160–162 , 174 ,
230–231 , 239
Globalisation , 159 , 160 , 170 , 174
Goods as services , 141–142 , 151
Government
municipal , 71 , 278
participative , 216
H
Hazardous substances directive , 304
Household , 23 , 37 , 76 , 123 , 130 , 181–197 ,
209 , 242 , 269 , 271 , 282 , 292 , 304 , 312
Housing , 140 , 183 , 188–190 197 , 211
I
Income , 123–125 , 131 , 139 , 163 , 173 ,
186–189 , 193–197 , 217 , 218 , 222 , 239
Industrial symbiosis , 11 , 88 , 94 , 103 , 104 ,
107 , 108 , 214
Inequality/inequity , 118 , 163 , 173 , 196
Infrastructure , 22 , 27 , 29 , 70 , 73 , 74 , 77 , 80 ,
118–120 , 123–125 , 127 , 128 , 130–132 ,
139 , 140 , 142 , 150 , 153 , 170 , 230 , 231 ,
234 , 249 , 271–273 , 277 , 278 , 280–283 ,
286 , 294 , 311 , 329 , 337 , 346 , 354
Input-output analysis , 10 , 13 , 23 , 151 ,
253 , 256
multi-region , 171
Integrated assessment model (IAM) , 23 , 24 ,
26 , 31 , 35–38 , 119–120 , 122
Integrated product policy (IPP) , 266
Intensity
carbon , 31 , 125 , 144 , 164 , 175 , 188 ,
193 , 294
emission , 128 , 131 , 143 , 144
energy , 128 , 129 , 143 , 144 , 347
material , 143–144 , 148 , 347
International Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) ,
118 , 119 , 121 , 125 , 128 , 131 , 143 , 151 ,
183 , 296 , 320
Internet of things (IoT) , 329
K
Kalundborg , 11 , 88–91 , 93 , 95 , 102 , 105 , 107 ,
347 , 353 , 356 , 357
L
Labour conditions , 171 , 173 , 216
child labour , 169 , 171
Land use change (LUC) , 293 , 295 , 296 , 335
Legislation
product-based environmental , 318 , 329
environmental , 142 , 303
Leisure , 191 , 192 , 195 , 197 , 211
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
attributional , 28 , 31 , 335 , 339
consequential , 24 , 28 , 32–34 , 47 , 335 , 339
hybrid , 28 , 47 , 57 , 174
social , 48 , 51 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 172 , 213
Index