286
MSW sectors: collection of unsorted waste, collection of sorted waste, material
recovery facilities, incineration, mechanical biological treatment, incineration,
landfi ll, packaging PRO , besides the rest of the economy (ROE). The sector ROE
was modeled using the 2008 basic prices symmetric product-by-product Input–
Output tables of the Portuguese Department of Prospective Planning and
International Relations (Dias and Domingos 2011 ), with an aggregation of 85 sectors using the offi cial Portuguese NACE Rev.3 two digit classifi cation. Data for the
MSW management itself was obtained mostly from publicly available accounting
reports from regional companies, annual reports from the Portuguese Environment
Agency (APA references), and, for the 2020 scenario the PERSU 2020 was used.
PERSU 2020 requires the Portuguese MSW management system to increase the
collection rates of sorted waste and to avoid direct deposition in landfi ll by increasing MT and MBT capacity. Intuitively, the shift from collection of unsorted waste
and landfi ll deposition to these solutions will lead to higher value added; fi rst,
because more materials with positive economic value are being returned to the
economy (e.g. scrap metal, plastic fi lm); second, because the shift is toward higher
labor and capital intensive processes. The obvious increase in the total cost of the
MSW management system will be partially supported by the producers’ responsibility organizations ( PRO ) for packaging waste, which are mandated to compensate
the higher collection cost of sorted waste. The remaining part should be transferred
to the population.
The results obtained for 2012 show that the GVA of the MSW management
activities is €357 million, 55 % of which is related to the collection of unsorted
waste. The activities related to material recycling, which include collection of
sorted MSW and sorting at material recovery facilities, represent 22 % of the total
direct contribution in terms of GVA. Indirect impacts, i.e. the economic activity on
other sectors due to the operational expenses of MSW management system, were
estimated to be €114 million, mostly concentrated in construction activities (contracts for new infrastructure), installation and repair of machinery and specialized
services (consultancy, architecture, engineering, etc.). In the reference year, the
number of jobs in the MSW management system was 11.700, of which nearly 84 %
was attributed to collection activities, especially of unsorted waste. In the rest of the
economy, the number of jobs due to the MSW management system amounts to
3.400.
If we look at the GVA and number of jobs per ton, there is a clear indication that
the collection of sorted waste and sorting at MRF has higher economic impact than
end-of-the-line solutions such as incineration or landfi ll.
The 2020 results are thus a consequence of the higher unitary impact of these
activities. In relation to 2012, the GVA in MSW management system is expected to
increase by 26 % to €451 million. The increase in the rest of the economy due to
these activities is signifi cantly higher at 55 %, refl ecting the higher operational
costs, i.e. inter-sectorial transactions, of the growing activities (collection of sorted
waste, sorting at MRF, MBT and MT). The number of direct and indirect jobs will
also increase to 13,000 and 5,500, respectively (Fig. 14.4 ).
P. Ferrão et al.
MSW sectors: collection of unsorted waste, collection of sorted waste, material
recovery facilities, incineration, mechanical biological treatment, incineration,
landfi ll, packaging PRO , besides the rest of the economy (ROE). The sector ROE
was modeled using the 2008 basic prices symmetric product-by-product Input–
Output tables of the Portuguese Department of Prospective Planning and
International Relations (Dias and Domingos 2011 ), with an aggregation of 85 sectors using the offi cial Portuguese NACE Rev.3 two digit classifi cation. Data for the
MSW management itself was obtained mostly from publicly available accounting
reports from regional companies, annual reports from the Portuguese Environment
Agency (APA references), and, for the 2020 scenario the PERSU 2020 was used.
PERSU 2020 requires the Portuguese MSW management system to increase the
collection rates of sorted waste and to avoid direct deposition in landfi ll by increasing MT and MBT capacity. Intuitively, the shift from collection of unsorted waste
and landfi ll deposition to these solutions will lead to higher value added; fi rst,
because more materials with positive economic value are being returned to the
economy (e.g. scrap metal, plastic fi lm); second, because the shift is toward higher
labor and capital intensive processes. The obvious increase in the total cost of the
MSW management system will be partially supported by the producers’ responsibility organizations ( PRO ) for packaging waste, which are mandated to compensate
the higher collection cost of sorted waste. The remaining part should be transferred
to the population.
The results obtained for 2012 show that the GVA of the MSW management
activities is €357 million, 55 % of which is related to the collection of unsorted
waste. The activities related to material recycling, which include collection of
sorted MSW and sorting at material recovery facilities, represent 22 % of the total
direct contribution in terms of GVA. Indirect impacts, i.e. the economic activity on
other sectors due to the operational expenses of MSW management system, were
estimated to be €114 million, mostly concentrated in construction activities (contracts for new infrastructure), installation and repair of machinery and specialized
services (consultancy, architecture, engineering, etc.). In the reference year, the
number of jobs in the MSW management system was 11.700, of which nearly 84 %
was attributed to collection activities, especially of unsorted waste. In the rest of the
economy, the number of jobs due to the MSW management system amounts to
3.400.
If we look at the GVA and number of jobs per ton, there is a clear indication that
the collection of sorted waste and sorting at MRF has higher economic impact than
end-of-the-line solutions such as incineration or landfi ll.
The 2020 results are thus a consequence of the higher unitary impact of these
activities. In relation to 2012, the GVA in MSW management system is expected to
increase by 26 % to €451 million. The increase in the rest of the economy due to
these activities is signifi cantly higher at 55 %, refl ecting the higher operational
costs, i.e. inter-sectorial transactions, of the growing activities (collection of sorted
waste, sorting at MRF, MBT and MT). The number of direct and indirect jobs will
also increase to 13,000 and 5,500, respectively (Fig. 14.4 ).
P. Ferrão et al.