166
Table 8.1
(continued)
Impact
Fraction of total global
impact embodied in trade
(absolute amount, year)
Largest exporter (i), largest
importer (ii), largest bilateral
trade fl ow (iii), gross fl ows, not
net fl ows
a
Method (name of database/model)
References
CO
2 emissions
from traded fossil
fuels
(a) 37 %
(10.2 Gt CO
2 , 2004) (a) (i) Russia (1.47 Gt CO
2 ,
2004)
(a) MRIO analysis (GTAP)
(a) Davis et al. ( 2011 )
(ii) USA (2.08 Gt CO
2 )
(b) n.p.
(10.8 Gt CO
2 in
2007)
(b) n.p.
b) MRIO analysis (GTAP)
b) Andrew et al. ( 2013 )
GHG emissions
(CO
2 , CH
4 , N
2 O)
(a) 23 %
(8.7 Gt CO
2 e, 2007) (a) (iii) From Asia to EU (0.79
Gt CO
2 e)
(a) MRIO analysis (EXIOBASE)
(a) Tukker et al. (
2014 )
(b) 27 %
(10.4 Gt CO
2 e,
2008)
(b) (i) China (2.9 Gt CO
2 e)
(b) MRIO analysis (WIOD)
(b) Arto et al. ( 2012 )
(ii) USA (1.8 Gt CO
2 e)
Water
(a) 26 %
(2,320 Gm
3
,
1996–2005)
(a) (i) USA (314 Gm
3
⁄y)
(a) Water Footprint Network method
(Hoekstra et al. 2011 )
(a) (Hoekstra and
Mekonnen ( 2012 );
(ii) USA (234 Gm
3
⁄y)
(iii) From USA to Mexico
(b) 24 %
(1900 Gm
3
, 2000)
(b) (i) USA (180 Gm
3
)
(b) MRIO analysis (Eora)
(b) Lenzen et al. ( 2013 )
(ii) USA (300 Gm
3
)
(iii) From USA to Mexico (34.2
Gm
3
)
(c) 30 %
(2004)
(c) (i) China (204 Gm
3
)
(c) MRIO (GTAP)
(c) Chen and Chen ( 2013 )
(ii) USA (178 Gm
3
)
(d) 22 %
(2651 Gm
3
, 2008)
(d) (i) China (472 Gm
3
)
(d) MRIO analysis (WIOD)
(d) Arto et al. ( 2012 )
(ii) USA (427 Gm
3
)
Scarce water
( 32 %
(480 Gm
3
, 2000)
(i) India (30 Gm
3
),
MRIO analysis (Eora)
Lenzen et al. ( 2013 )
(ii) USA (45 Gm
3
)
(iii) From Pakistan to USA (7.9
Gm
3
)
T. Wiedmann