99
almost 400 articles in this study faced a rigorous test since Scopus and Web of
Science are highly selective about which journals they evaluate. We limited our
search to articles in English. To begin, we compiled all literature returned by searching for eight keywords as follows:
1. “Industrial symbiosis”
2. “By-product exchange”
3. “By-product synergy”
4. “Industrial ecosystem”
5. “Eco-industrial”
6. “Resource synergy”
7. “Recycling linkage”
8. “Recycling network”
These keywords, derived from the authors’ existing sources on industrial symbiosis, are considered to be broad enough to capture the most signifi cant literature
in the fi eld as it has evolved in different regions although surely some material is
overlooked. The search covers articles published between 1995 and 2014. After
screening for relevance, the 391 papers determined to pertain to industrial symbiosis were classifi ed into one of the seven following categories: Foundations,
Performance, Mechanism, Modeling, Structure, Case Study, and Proposal. To avoid
multiple allocation of a paper into several categories, the main objective and content
of the literature was carefully determined according to criteria described in Table
5.5 in the Appendix . The references for these 391 articles are available upon request.
4.2 Results and Analysis of Bibliometric Study
Figure 5.4 shows that the number of industrial symbiosis papers published in peerreviewed journals has increased from one paper in 1995 (the fi rst year of publication
of a paper meeting our criteria) to 75 in 2014. In particular, 2007 is the year that
shows a notable increase in the publication of papers, which is in line with the
observation from Yu et al. ( 2014a ), and, notably, the number of papers more than
doubled between 2010 and 2014. It is not yet known whether the large increase of
articles in 2014 is an outlier, but in general we expect this output to continue to rise
at least in the short to medium term (2–5 years) given the trajectory.
Before 2004, the main topic of inquiry concerned conceptual aspects of industrial symbiosis. Case studies began to grow by 2004 with the most for any year
being 11 case study articles in 2007. Later, more papers began to focus on analyzing
performance and mechanisms of industrial symbiosis and proposing new ideas or
strategies for its implementation. Modeling as a topic in industrial symbiosis
emerged in 1998, but more than 90 % of modeling papers appeared after 2006. This
implies that the focus of industrial symbiosis research has gradually shifted from
introducing the concept and presenting specifi c case studies to delving more into
performance and mechanisms of industrial symbiosis and presenting new ideas for
industrial symbiosis.
5 Scholarship and Practice in Industrial Symbiosis: 1989–2014
almost 400 articles in this study faced a rigorous test since Scopus and Web of
Science are highly selective about which journals they evaluate. We limited our
search to articles in English. To begin, we compiled all literature returned by searching for eight keywords as follows:
1. “Industrial symbiosis”
2. “By-product exchange”
3. “By-product synergy”
4. “Industrial ecosystem”
5. “Eco-industrial”
6. “Resource synergy”
7. “Recycling linkage”
8. “Recycling network”
These keywords, derived from the authors’ existing sources on industrial symbiosis, are considered to be broad enough to capture the most signifi cant literature
in the fi eld as it has evolved in different regions although surely some material is
overlooked. The search covers articles published between 1995 and 2014. After
screening for relevance, the 391 papers determined to pertain to industrial symbiosis were classifi ed into one of the seven following categories: Foundations,
Performance, Mechanism, Modeling, Structure, Case Study, and Proposal. To avoid
multiple allocation of a paper into several categories, the main objective and content
of the literature was carefully determined according to criteria described in Table
5.5 in the Appendix . The references for these 391 articles are available upon request.
4.2 Results and Analysis of Bibliometric Study
Figure 5.4 shows that the number of industrial symbiosis papers published in peerreviewed journals has increased from one paper in 1995 (the fi rst year of publication
of a paper meeting our criteria) to 75 in 2014. In particular, 2007 is the year that
shows a notable increase in the publication of papers, which is in line with the
observation from Yu et al. ( 2014a ), and, notably, the number of papers more than
doubled between 2010 and 2014. It is not yet known whether the large increase of
articles in 2014 is an outlier, but in general we expect this output to continue to rise
at least in the short to medium term (2–5 years) given the trajectory.
Before 2004, the main topic of inquiry concerned conceptual aspects of industrial symbiosis. Case studies began to grow by 2004 with the most for any year
being 11 case study articles in 2007. Later, more papers began to focus on analyzing
performance and mechanisms of industrial symbiosis and proposing new ideas or
strategies for its implementation. Modeling as a topic in industrial symbiosis
emerged in 1998, but more than 90 % of modeling papers appeared after 2006. This
implies that the focus of industrial symbiosis research has gradually shifted from
introducing the concept and presenting specifi c case studies to delving more into
performance and mechanisms of industrial symbiosis and presenting new ideas for
industrial symbiosis.
5 Scholarship and Practice in Industrial Symbiosis: 1989–2014