Chapter 2
Principal Physics of Radar Location
and Radio-Navigation
A carrier for radar location and radio-navigation information is an electromagnetic
(EM) field. Authors assume that the most corresponding definition of EM field is the
following:
Electromagnetic field is a one of the forms of matter existence capable to carry
an energy and information. Nothing more!
Within perceptions of comprehensive physics, without getting into micro-world
and quantum effects, in order to describe electromagnetic field properties, i.e., quantitative characteristics of denoted form, it is necessary to use 52 independent of one
another numbers in each space point and each time moment. Decades have been
spent of Maxwell, Ampere, Volta, Hertz, Joule, Kirchhoff, Lenz, Lorentz, Ohm,
Faraday, Oersted and many others genius efforts to observe that these are precisely
52 numbers. Exactly these scientists proposed a raw of perfect physic-mathematical
models describing electromagnetic field.
In the most modern approaches, four vectors are used in these models as a fundamental notions,—electric field vector E (3 numbers) and magnetic field vector H (3
numbers), and electric displacement vector D (3 numbers) and magnetic induction
vector B (3 numbers), describing electromagnetic field in Q given point with (x, y,
z) coordinates.
These vectors are interrelated with Maxwell equations representing four (4) differential equations, two (2) from which are be inscribed in vector, two—in scalar forms;
i.e., it is referred to eight (8) differential equations in which derivatives of each E,
H, D, B vector component with respect to t time, i.e., its changing rate (in total 3
× 4 = 12 numbers), are present. Besides, equivalent terms of these equations are
also derivatives of each from the components in each special coordinates x, y, z; i.e.,
another 9 × 4 = 36 numbers. Hence, this refers to 12 + 12 + 36 = 60 variables
interrelated with eight (8) Maxwell equations that gives ground to refer to 60 − 8 =
52 independent of one another numbers, characterized an EM field in Q(x, y, z) point
at t time moment.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. A. Akmaykin et al., Theoretical Foundations of Radar Location
and Radio Navigation, Springer Aerospace Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6514-8_2
7
Principal Physics of Radar Location
and Radio-Navigation
A carrier for radar location and radio-navigation information is an electromagnetic
(EM) field. Authors assume that the most corresponding definition of EM field is the
following:
Electromagnetic field is a one of the forms of matter existence capable to carry
an energy and information. Nothing more!
Within perceptions of comprehensive physics, without getting into micro-world
and quantum effects, in order to describe electromagnetic field properties, i.e., quantitative characteristics of denoted form, it is necessary to use 52 independent of one
another numbers in each space point and each time moment. Decades have been
spent of Maxwell, Ampere, Volta, Hertz, Joule, Kirchhoff, Lenz, Lorentz, Ohm,
Faraday, Oersted and many others genius efforts to observe that these are precisely
52 numbers. Exactly these scientists proposed a raw of perfect physic-mathematical
models describing electromagnetic field.
In the most modern approaches, four vectors are used in these models as a fundamental notions,—electric field vector E (3 numbers) and magnetic field vector H (3
numbers), and electric displacement vector D (3 numbers) and magnetic induction
vector B (3 numbers), describing electromagnetic field in Q given point with (x, y,
z) coordinates.
These vectors are interrelated with Maxwell equations representing four (4) differential equations, two (2) from which are be inscribed in vector, two—in scalar forms;
i.e., it is referred to eight (8) differential equations in which derivatives of each E,
H, D, B vector component with respect to t time, i.e., its changing rate (in total 3
× 4 = 12 numbers), are present. Besides, equivalent terms of these equations are
also derivatives of each from the components in each special coordinates x, y, z; i.e.,
another 9 × 4 = 36 numbers. Hence, this refers to 12 + 12 + 36 = 60 variables
interrelated with eight (8) Maxwell equations that gives ground to refer to 60 − 8 =
52 independent of one another numbers, characterized an EM field in Q(x, y, z) point
at t time moment.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. A. Akmaykin et al., Theoretical Foundations of Radar Location
and Radio Navigation, Springer Aerospace Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6514-8_2
7