11 Radar Systems of Air Transport
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The process of WNRS operating in flight requires the aircrew to have specific
skills in analyzing radar data displayed on indicator units, since radar information
is a complex representation of data that require special training, which is different
from the perceptions of the world that are familiar to humans.
Among the flight support radio-technical aids, radars occupy a special place, since
they are the main sources of dynamic information about the air situation for air traffic
controllers. The most commonly the radars are classified by the purpose [42]:
• route surveillance radar locator (SRL-R);
• aerodrome surveillance radar locator (SRL-A);
• secondary radar locator (SRL);
• landing (approach) radar locator (LRL);
• airfield control radar (ACR);
• meteorological radar locator (MRL).
Route surveillance radar locator (SRL-R) is designed to detect and determine the
coordinates (azimuth-range) of aerial vehicles in the off-aerodrome area (on air routes
and off-routes) with the subsequent transmission of information on air situation to air
traffic management (ATM) centers (points) for control and support air traffic control.
The SRL-R permits to perform the following tasks:
• AV detection and positioning;
• AV crews control in specified corridors-keeping and the time of passing the
checkpoints on the route;
• prevent dangerous approaches of AV;
• detect the location of moisture targets, dangerous for flights;
• AV identification and receiving of additional data on AV by using the built-in
secondary channels.
The SRL-R antenna system is adjusted relatively to the true meridian. The
information update period is not more than ten seconds.
It is recommended that the SRL-R be positioned in such a way as to ensure the
overlap of the air routes of the given area by the radar coverage area at a height from
the lower to the upper echelons of the controlled airspace.
The main requirement for route SRL is to provide a long operational range with
a sufficiently good accuracy and resolution. If the route SRL is designed to provide
information to automated ATC centers, a secondary channel is often built into it.
Route surveillance radar is usually an S-band radar. Figure 11.15 shows the SRL-R
exterior view at the position and the antenna in the radar dome.
Aerodrome surveillance radar locator (SRL-A) is designed to detect and determine the coordinates (azimuth-range) of AV in the aerodrome area with subsequent
transmission of information on the air situation to ATM centers (points) for the
purpose of monitoring and ensuring an air traffic control. The information update
period is no more than six seconds. The information obtained by the SRL-A is used by
controllers of aerodrome centers of automatic flight control system AFCS, controllers
of approach points (DAPP), the main dispatching approach points (MDAP), the
203
The process of WNRS operating in flight requires the aircrew to have specific
skills in analyzing radar data displayed on indicator units, since radar information
is a complex representation of data that require special training, which is different
from the perceptions of the world that are familiar to humans.
Among the flight support radio-technical aids, radars occupy a special place, since
they are the main sources of dynamic information about the air situation for air traffic
controllers. The most commonly the radars are classified by the purpose [42]:
• route surveillance radar locator (SRL-R);
• aerodrome surveillance radar locator (SRL-A);
• secondary radar locator (SRL);
• landing (approach) radar locator (LRL);
• airfield control radar (ACR);
• meteorological radar locator (MRL).
Route surveillance radar locator (SRL-R) is designed to detect and determine the
coordinates (azimuth-range) of aerial vehicles in the off-aerodrome area (on air routes
and off-routes) with the subsequent transmission of information on air situation to air
traffic management (ATM) centers (points) for control and support air traffic control.
The SRL-R permits to perform the following tasks:
• AV detection and positioning;
• AV crews control in specified corridors-keeping and the time of passing the
checkpoints on the route;
• prevent dangerous approaches of AV;
• detect the location of moisture targets, dangerous for flights;
• AV identification and receiving of additional data on AV by using the built-in
secondary channels.
The SRL-R antenna system is adjusted relatively to the true meridian. The
information update period is not more than ten seconds.
It is recommended that the SRL-R be positioned in such a way as to ensure the
overlap of the air routes of the given area by the radar coverage area at a height from
the lower to the upper echelons of the controlled airspace.
The main requirement for route SRL is to provide a long operational range with
a sufficiently good accuracy and resolution. If the route SRL is designed to provide
information to automated ATC centers, a secondary channel is often built into it.
Route surveillance radar is usually an S-band radar. Figure 11.15 shows the SRL-R
exterior view at the position and the antenna in the radar dome.
Aerodrome surveillance radar locator (SRL-A) is designed to detect and determine the coordinates (azimuth-range) of AV in the aerodrome area with subsequent
transmission of information on the air situation to ATM centers (points) for the
purpose of monitoring and ensuring an air traffic control. The information update
period is no more than six seconds. The information obtained by the SRL-A is used by
controllers of aerodrome centers of automatic flight control system AFCS, controllers
of approach points (DAPP), the main dispatching approach points (MDAP), the