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1 Basic Terms and Definitions
Measurement concludes in coordinates and parameters estimation acquisition of
radar targets movement.
Resolution—separates detection and position finding in airspace of several
objects with little distinctive coordinates and parameters of movement.
Discrimination (classification)—object referring to some from the allocated
classes. Partition into classes can be carried out randomly, e.g., by purpose, for
example, passenger aircraft, bomber aircraft, satellite, motor ship, cruiser. Special
attention is for target pertaining to one of “friend” or “foe” classes, i.e., so-called
identification, usually considered as a separate task.
Radio navigation—science on radio-technical (engineering) methods and equipment of information acquisition on position of moving objects in airspace and
movement of these objects from one point of airspace to another.
Radio navigation objects are aircraft, helicopters, ships, satellites, ground
transport and other moving vehicles.
Main tasks of navigation are the following:
• determination of current position and parameters of object movement, in
particular, a course (heading);
• ensuring of object movement in defined trajectory and lead out to specified point
at assigned time.
Trajectory is a spatial curve, by which an object center of mass is shifted during
movement.
Trajectory projection into ground surface is called course line (track or path).
Trajectory projection of flying vehicles into vertical plane—flight profile—is
examined as well.
Ground surface point, above which a moving object is located, is called position.
Information acquisition on navigation is carried out using different technical aids. In radio navigation, these aids are radar locators and other radiotechnical means: range-finding, goniometric-ranging (rho/theta), range-difference
(hyperbolic) systems, onboard radar stations, Doppler ground velocity systems.
Autonomous (independently from ground systems) measurement of navigational
parameters using radio waves is conducted by radio navigation devices. Such
devices are autonomous: It could be radio-altitude meters, Doppler ground velocity
and drift angle metering systems.
Radio navigation system is called an aggregate of installed on moving object
and out of it (on ground, in space) of interconnected radio-technical devices intended
for measurement of navigational parameters. Special feature of radio navigation
systems comparing with radar location systems concludes in information acquisition
on objects itself using radio signals radiated from airspace points with the known
coordinates—radio navigation points.
Both radar location and radio navigation represent an area of radio electronics.
Radar location and radio navigation systems are referred to a class of information
systems. They have a common task of information retrieval from picked electromagnetic oscillations, including an information content—coordinates and parameters of
1 Basic Terms and Definitions
Measurement concludes in coordinates and parameters estimation acquisition of
radar targets movement.
Resolution—separates detection and position finding in airspace of several
objects with little distinctive coordinates and parameters of movement.
Discrimination (classification)—object referring to some from the allocated
classes. Partition into classes can be carried out randomly, e.g., by purpose, for
example, passenger aircraft, bomber aircraft, satellite, motor ship, cruiser. Special
attention is for target pertaining to one of “friend” or “foe” classes, i.e., so-called
identification, usually considered as a separate task.
Radio navigation—science on radio-technical (engineering) methods and equipment of information acquisition on position of moving objects in airspace and
movement of these objects from one point of airspace to another.
Radio navigation objects are aircraft, helicopters, ships, satellites, ground
transport and other moving vehicles.
Main tasks of navigation are the following:
• determination of current position and parameters of object movement, in
particular, a course (heading);
• ensuring of object movement in defined trajectory and lead out to specified point
at assigned time.
Trajectory is a spatial curve, by which an object center of mass is shifted during
movement.
Trajectory projection into ground surface is called course line (track or path).
Trajectory projection of flying vehicles into vertical plane—flight profile—is
examined as well.
Ground surface point, above which a moving object is located, is called position.
Information acquisition on navigation is carried out using different technical aids. In radio navigation, these aids are radar locators and other radiotechnical means: range-finding, goniometric-ranging (rho/theta), range-difference
(hyperbolic) systems, onboard radar stations, Doppler ground velocity systems.
Autonomous (independently from ground systems) measurement of navigational
parameters using radio waves is conducted by radio navigation devices. Such
devices are autonomous: It could be radio-altitude meters, Doppler ground velocity
and drift angle metering systems.
Radio navigation system is called an aggregate of installed on moving object
and out of it (on ground, in space) of interconnected radio-technical devices intended
for measurement of navigational parameters. Special feature of radio navigation
systems comparing with radar location systems concludes in information acquisition
on objects itself using radio signals radiated from airspace points with the known
coordinates—radio navigation points.
Both radar location and radio navigation represent an area of radio electronics.
Radar location and radio navigation systems are referred to a class of information
systems. They have a common task of information retrieval from picked electromagnetic oscillations, including an information content—coordinates and parameters of