Chapter 1
Basic Terms and Definitions
Radar location—It is the science on methods and means of information obtaining
on objects based on receiving and analysis of radio waves, reflected or radiated by
these objects. The obtained data comprises the radar information, to which a target
coordinates, its velocity and qualification profile are referred.
Active, semi-active, active with passive respond and passive radar location are
distinguished.
Radar location objects are called radar targets.
Aerodynamic (flying vehicles), space, land, underground, sea and underwater
radar targets are referred to (artificial) phantom radar targets.
Ground and water surface, local (ground) features, clouds, meteorite, atmospheric
irregularities, etc., are related to natural radar targets.
Technical equipment for radar information acquisition is called radar stations
(RS), radar locators, radars.
Radio locators are differed by radio wave band used, by sounding signal shape,
polarization type, amount of implemented channels, number and type of measured
coordinates, radar deployment position.
An aggregate of radar stations and auxiliary technical aids integrated for
fulfillment of some radar location task is called radar system.
Target data is received during observation.
The following stages can be can be notionally allocated at radar surveillance:
• detection of targets;
• measurement of moving targets coordinates and parameters;
• resolution of targets;
• discrimination and identification of targets.
Detection is provided on the base of analysis of received electromagnetic wave
and reduced to decision making on presence or absence of target in observed airspace
segment.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. A. Akmaykin et al., Theoretical Foundations of Radar Location
and Radio Navigation, Springer Aerospace Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6514-8_1
3
Basic Terms and Definitions
Radar location—It is the science on methods and means of information obtaining
on objects based on receiving and analysis of radio waves, reflected or radiated by
these objects. The obtained data comprises the radar information, to which a target
coordinates, its velocity and qualification profile are referred.
Active, semi-active, active with passive respond and passive radar location are
distinguished.
Radar location objects are called radar targets.
Aerodynamic (flying vehicles), space, land, underground, sea and underwater
radar targets are referred to (artificial) phantom radar targets.
Ground and water surface, local (ground) features, clouds, meteorite, atmospheric
irregularities, etc., are related to natural radar targets.
Technical equipment for radar information acquisition is called radar stations
(RS), radar locators, radars.
Radio locators are differed by radio wave band used, by sounding signal shape,
polarization type, amount of implemented channels, number and type of measured
coordinates, radar deployment position.
An aggregate of radar stations and auxiliary technical aids integrated for
fulfillment of some radar location task is called radar system.
Target data is received during observation.
The following stages can be can be notionally allocated at radar surveillance:
• detection of targets;
• measurement of moving targets coordinates and parameters;
• resolution of targets;
• discrimination and identification of targets.
Detection is provided on the base of analysis of received electromagnetic wave
and reduced to decision making on presence or absence of target in observed airspace
segment.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. A. Akmaykin et al., Theoretical Foundations of Radar Location
and Radio Navigation, Springer Aerospace Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6514-8_1
3