Chiral Magnetic Domain Wall and Skyrmion Memory Devices
199
37. W. Zhang, W. Han, X. Jiang, S.-H. Yang, S.S.P. Parkin, Role of transparency of platinum–
ferromagnet interfaces in determining the intrinsic magnitude of the spin Hall effect. Nat.
Phys. 11, 496–502 (2015)
38. T. Nan et al., Comparison of spin-orbit torques and spin pumping across NiFe/Pt and NiFe/Cu/Pt
interfaces. Phys. Rev. B 91, 214416 (2015)
39. J. Kim et al., Spin-orbit torques associated with ferrimagnetic order in Pt/GdFeCo/MgO layers.
Sci. Rep. 8, 6017 (2018)
40. S. Woo, M. Mann, A.J. Tan, L. Caretta, G.S.D. Beach, Enhanced spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Ta
heterostructures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 162507–122404 (2014)
41. J. Kim et al., Layer thickness dependence of the current-induced effective field vector in
Ta|CoFeB|MgO. Nat. Mater. 12, 240–245 (2012)
42. K. Garello et al., Symmetry and magnitude of spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 587–593 (2013)
43. Y. Fan et al., Magnetization switching through giant spin–orbit torque in a magnetically doped
topological insulator heterostructure. Nat. Mater. 13, 699–704 (2014)
44. A. Thiaville, S. Rohart, E. Jue, V. Cros, A. Fert, Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in
ultrathin magnetic films. EPL 100, 57002 (2012)
45. T. Schulz et al., Effective field analysis using the full angular spin-orbit torque magnetometry
dependence. Phys. Rev. B 95, 224409 (2017)
46. L. Liu, O.J. Lee, T.J. Gudmundsen, D.C. Ralph, R.A. Buhrman, Current-induced switching of
perpendicularly magnetized magnetic layers using spin torque from the spin hall effect. Phys.
Rev. Lett. 109, 096602 (2012)
47. J. Heinen et al., Determination of the spin torque non-adiabaticity in perpendicularly
magnetized nanowires. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24, 24220 (2012)
48. T. Schulz et al., Spin-orbit torques for current parallel and perpendicular to a domain wall.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 122405 (2015)
49. C. Zhang, S. Fukami, H. Sato, F. Matsukura, H. Ohno, Spin-orbit torque induced magnetization
switching in nano-scale Ta/CoFeB/MgO. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 122405–222401 (2015)
50. P.P.J. Haazen et al., Domain wall depinning governed by the spin Hall effect. Nat. Mater. 12,
299–303 (2013)
51. R. Lo Conte et al., Role of B diffusion in the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in
Ta/Co20Fe60B20/MgO nanowires. Phys. Rev. B 91, 14433 (2015)
52. I. Dzyaloshinsky, A thermodynamic theory of “weak” ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetics.
J. Phys. Chem. Solids 4, 241–255 (1958)
53. T. Moriya, Anisotropic superexchange interaction and weak ferromagnetism. Phys. Rev. 120,
91–98 (1960)
54. S. Mühlbauer et al., Skyrmion lattice in a chiral magnet. Science (80-. ) 323, 915 (2009)
55. S.X. Huang, C.L. Chien, Extended skyrmion phase in epitaxial FeGe (111) Thin Films. Phys.
Rev. Lett. 108, 267201 (2012)
56. S. Rohart, A. Thiaville, Skyrmion confinement in ultrathin film nanostructures in the presence
of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Phys. Rev. B 88, 184422 (2013)
57. B. Krüger, M. Kläui topological defects in nanostructures---chiral domain walls and skyrmions.
in Topological Structures in Ferroic Materials: Domain Walls, Vortices and Skyrmions ed. by
J. Seidel (Springer International Publishing, 2016) pp. 199–218
58. F. Büttner, M. Kläui, Chapter 8 magnetic skyrmion dynamics. in Skyrmions: Topological
Structures, Properties, and Applications (CRC Press, 2016), pp. 211–238
59. M. Bode et al., Chiral magnetic order at surfaces driven by inversion asymmetry. Nature 447,
190–193 (2007)
60. G. Chen et al., Novel chiral magnetic domain wall structure in Fe/Ni / Cu (001) films. Phys.
Rev. Lett. 110, 177204 (2013)
61. S.G. Je et al., Asymmetric magnetic domain-wall motion by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya
interaction. Phys. Rev. B 88, 214401 (2013)
62. M. Vavnatka et al., Velocity asymmetry of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in the creep and flow
regimes. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 27, 326002 (2015)
199
37. W. Zhang, W. Han, X. Jiang, S.-H. Yang, S.S.P. Parkin, Role of transparency of platinum–
ferromagnet interfaces in determining the intrinsic magnitude of the spin Hall effect. Nat.
Phys. 11, 496–502 (2015)
38. T. Nan et al., Comparison of spin-orbit torques and spin pumping across NiFe/Pt and NiFe/Cu/Pt
interfaces. Phys. Rev. B 91, 214416 (2015)
39. J. Kim et al., Spin-orbit torques associated with ferrimagnetic order in Pt/GdFeCo/MgO layers.
Sci. Rep. 8, 6017 (2018)
40. S. Woo, M. Mann, A.J. Tan, L. Caretta, G.S.D. Beach, Enhanced spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Ta
heterostructures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 162507–122404 (2014)
41. J. Kim et al., Layer thickness dependence of the current-induced effective field vector in
Ta|CoFeB|MgO. Nat. Mater. 12, 240–245 (2012)
42. K. Garello et al., Symmetry and magnitude of spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 587–593 (2013)
43. Y. Fan et al., Magnetization switching through giant spin–orbit torque in a magnetically doped
topological insulator heterostructure. Nat. Mater. 13, 699–704 (2014)
44. A. Thiaville, S. Rohart, E. Jue, V. Cros, A. Fert, Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in
ultrathin magnetic films. EPL 100, 57002 (2012)
45. T. Schulz et al., Effective field analysis using the full angular spin-orbit torque magnetometry
dependence. Phys. Rev. B 95, 224409 (2017)
46. L. Liu, O.J. Lee, T.J. Gudmundsen, D.C. Ralph, R.A. Buhrman, Current-induced switching of
perpendicularly magnetized magnetic layers using spin torque from the spin hall effect. Phys.
Rev. Lett. 109, 096602 (2012)
47. J. Heinen et al., Determination of the spin torque non-adiabaticity in perpendicularly
magnetized nanowires. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24, 24220 (2012)
48. T. Schulz et al., Spin-orbit torques for current parallel and perpendicular to a domain wall.
Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 122405 (2015)
49. C. Zhang, S. Fukami, H. Sato, F. Matsukura, H. Ohno, Spin-orbit torque induced magnetization
switching in nano-scale Ta/CoFeB/MgO. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 122405–222401 (2015)
50. P.P.J. Haazen et al., Domain wall depinning governed by the spin Hall effect. Nat. Mater. 12,
299–303 (2013)
51. R. Lo Conte et al., Role of B diffusion in the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in
Ta/Co20Fe60B20/MgO nanowires. Phys. Rev. B 91, 14433 (2015)
52. I. Dzyaloshinsky, A thermodynamic theory of “weak” ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetics.
J. Phys. Chem. Solids 4, 241–255 (1958)
53. T. Moriya, Anisotropic superexchange interaction and weak ferromagnetism. Phys. Rev. 120,
91–98 (1960)
54. S. Mühlbauer et al., Skyrmion lattice in a chiral magnet. Science (80-. ) 323, 915 (2009)
55. S.X. Huang, C.L. Chien, Extended skyrmion phase in epitaxial FeGe (111) Thin Films. Phys.
Rev. Lett. 108, 267201 (2012)
56. S. Rohart, A. Thiaville, Skyrmion confinement in ultrathin film nanostructures in the presence
of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Phys. Rev. B 88, 184422 (2013)
57. B. Krüger, M. Kläui topological defects in nanostructures---chiral domain walls and skyrmions.
in Topological Structures in Ferroic Materials: Domain Walls, Vortices and Skyrmions ed. by
J. Seidel (Springer International Publishing, 2016) pp. 199–218
58. F. Büttner, M. Kläui, Chapter 8 magnetic skyrmion dynamics. in Skyrmions: Topological
Structures, Properties, and Applications (CRC Press, 2016), pp. 211–238
59. M. Bode et al., Chiral magnetic order at surfaces driven by inversion asymmetry. Nature 447,
190–193 (2007)
60. G. Chen et al., Novel chiral magnetic domain wall structure in Fe/Ni / Cu (001) films. Phys.
Rev. Lett. 110, 177204 (2013)
61. S.G. Je et al., Asymmetric magnetic domain-wall motion by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya
interaction. Phys. Rev. B 88, 214401 (2013)
62. M. Vavnatka et al., Velocity asymmetry of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in the creep and flow
regimes. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 27, 326002 (2015)