6
1 Introduction
σ
σ
1
2
3
Fig. 1.3 Serial arrangement of all ERMs denoted the spring-dashpot-slider model
Likewise, for the serial arrangement of all three ERMs, say ERM 1 to ERM 3 , the
strain of the resulting serial-CRM is the summation of the strains 1 to 3 of the
three ERMs, whereas their stresses coincide
= 1 + 2 + 3 and σ = σ 1 = σ 2 = σ 3 .
(1.3)
The serial arrangement of all three ERMs from Fig. 1.1 is showcased for completeness
in Fig. 1.3.
1.2.2 Parallel Arrangement of ERMs
For a parallel arrangement of two ERMs, say ERM 1 and ERM 2 , the stress σ of the
resulting parallel-CRM is the summation of the stresses σ 1 and σ 2 of the two ERMs,
whereas their strains coincide
σ = σ 1 + σ 2 and = 1 = 2 .
(1.4)
Possible parallel arrangements of any two of the three ERMs from Fig. 1.1 are showcased in Fig. 1.4. Out of these, the catalogue contains accounts on the Kelvin model
and the Bingham model, respectively.
Likewise, for the parallel arrangement of all three ERMs, say ERM 1 to ERM 3 ,
the stress σ of the resulting parallel-CRM is the summation of the stresses σ 1 to σ 3
of the three ERMs, whereas their strains coincide
σ = σ 1 + σ 2 + σ 3 and = 1 = 2 = 3 .
(1.5)
The parallel arrangement of all three ERMs from Fig. 1.1 is showcased for completeness in Fig. 1.5.