68
Etkins R, Epstein ES (1982) The rise of global mean sea level as an
indication of climate change. Science 215:287–289
Falkowski PG, Oliver MJ (2007) Mix and match: how climate
selects phytoplankton. Nat Rev Microbiol 5:813–819. https://doi.
org/10.1038/nrmicro1751
Fenchel T (1988) Marine plankton food chains. Annu Rev Ecol Syst
19:19–38. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.000315
Field CB, Behrenfeld MJ, Randerson JT et al (1998) Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic
components. Science 281:237–240. https://doi.org/10.1126/
science.281.5374.237
Fleming LE, Kirkpatrick B, Pierce R et al (2007) Aerosolized red-tide
toxins (Brevetoxins) and asthma. Chest 131:187–194. https://doi.
org/10.1378/chest.06-1830
Fryxell GA (1989) Marine phytoplankton at the Weddell Sea ice edge:
seasonal changes at the specific level. Polar Biol 10:1–18. https://
doi.org/10.1007/BF00238285
Fu W, Randerson JT, Moore JK (2016) Climate change impacts on net
primary production (PP) and export production (EP) regulated by
increasing stratification and phytoplankton community structure
in the CMIP5 models. Biogeosciences 13:5151–5170. https://doi.
org/10.5194/bg-13-5151-2016
Georgiou IY, FitzGerald DM, Stone GW (2005) The impact of physical processes along the Louisiana coast. J Coast Res SI 44:72–89.
https://doi.org/10.2307/25737050
Geraci JR, Anderson DM, Timperi RJ et al (1989) Humpback Whales
(Megaptera novaeangliae) fatally poisoned by dinoflagellate toxin.
Can J Fish Aquat Sci 46:1895–1898. https://doi.org/10.1139/
f89-238
Gescher C, Metfies K, Frickenhaus S et al (2008) Feasibility of assessing the community composition of prasinophytes at the Helgoland
roads sampling site with a DNA microarray. Appl Environ Microbiol
74:5305–5316. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01271-08
Glibert PM, Magnien R, Lomas MW et al (2001) Harmful algal blooms
in the Chesapeake and coastal bays of Maryland, USA: comparison
of 1997, 1998, and 1999 events. Estuaries 24:875–883. https://doi.
org/10.2307/1353178
Glibert PM, Wilkerson FP, Dugdale RC et al (2016) Pluses and minuses
of ammonium and nitrate uptake and assimilation by phytoplankton and implications for productivity and community composition,
with emphasis on nitrogen-enriched conditions. Limnol Oceanogr
61:165–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10203
Gobler CJ, Norman C, Panzeca C et al (2007) Effect of B-vitamins
(B1, B12) and inorganic nutrients on algal bloom dynamics in a
coastal ecosystem. Aquat Microb Ecol 49:181–194. https://doi.
org/10.3354/ame01132
Goldman JAL, Kranz SA, Young JN et al (2015) Gross and net production during the spring bloom along the western Antarctic peninsula.
New Phytol 205:182–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13125
Gregg WW, Conkright ME, Ginoux P et al (2003) Ocean primary production and climate: global decadal changes. Geophys Res Lett
30:10–13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL016889
Gross F (1937) The life history of some marine planktonic diatoms.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 228:1–47. https://doi.org/10.1098/
rstb.1937.0008
Gruber N, Gloor M, Mikaloff Fletcher SE et al (2009) Oceanic sources,
sinks, and transport of atmospheric CO 2 . Global Biogeochem
Cycles 23:GB1005. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003349
Häder D-P, Kumar HD, Smith RC et al (2007) Effects of solar UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with climate change.
Photochem Photobiol Sci 6:267–285. https://doi.org/10.1039/
B700020K
Hallegraeff GM (2010) Ocean climate change, phytoplankton
community responses, and harmful algal blooms: a formidable predictive challenge. J Phycol 46:220–235. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00815.x
Hamasaki K, Horie M, Tokimitsu S et al (2001) Variability in toxicity of
the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense isolated from Hiroshima
Bay, western Japan, as a reflecion of changing environmental
conditions. J Plankton Res 23:271–278. https://doi.org/10.1093/
plankt/23.3.271
Hansen J, Johnson D, Lacis A et al (1981) Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Science 213:957–966. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.213.4511.957
Harding LW Jr, Adolf JE, Mallonee ME et al (2015) Climate effects on
phytoplankton floral composition in Chesapeake Bay. Estuar Coast
Shelf Sci 162:53–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.12.030
Harris R (2010) The L4 time-series: the first 20 years. J Plankton Res
32:577–583. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbq021
Harvey HW (1939) Substances controlling the growth of a diatom. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 23:499–520. https://doi.org/10.1017/
S0025315400014041
Hassler CSC, Schoemann V, Nichols CM et al (2011) Saccharides
enhance iron bioavailability to Southern Ocean phytoplankton.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:1076–1081. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.1010963108
Hensen V (1887) Über die Bestimmung des Planktons oder des im
Meere treibenden Materials an Pflanzen und Thieren. Ber Komm
Wiss Unters dt Meere 5:1–108
Henson SA, Cole HS, Hopkins J et al (2018) Detection of climate
change-driven trends in phytoplankton phenology. Glob Chang Biol
24:e101–e111. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13886
Hibberd DJ (1976) The ultrastructure and taxonomy of the
Chrysophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae (Haptophyceae): a
survey with some new observations on the ultrastructure of
the Chrysophyceae. Bot J Linn Soc 72:55–80. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1976.tb01352.x
Hinder SL, Hays GC, Edwards M et al (2012) Changes in marine dinoflagellate and diatom abundance under climate change. Nat Clim
Chang 2:271–275. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1388
Hoffmann L, Komárek J, Kaštovský J (2005) System of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacteria) – state in 2004. Arch Hydrobiol Suppl Algol Stud
117:95–115. https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2005/0117-0095
IPCC (2013) Annex III: glossary [Planton, S. (ed.)]. In: Stocker TF,
Qin D, Plattner G-K et al (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York
Jaccard SL, Hayes CT, Hodell DA et al (2013) Two modes of change in
Southern Ocean productivity over the past millions years. Science
339:1419–1423
Jeffrey SW, Wright SW, Zapata M (1999) Recent advances in HPLC
pigment analysis of phytoplankton. Mar Freshw Res 50:879–896.
https://doi.org/10.1071/MF99109
Jiao N, Azam F (2011) Microbial carbon pump and its significance for
carbon sequestration in the ocean. In: Jiao N, Azam F, Sanders S
(eds) Microbial carbon pump in the ocean. Science/AAAS Business
Office, Washington, DC, pp 43–45
John U, Medlin LK, Groben R (2005) Development of specific rRNA
probes to distinguish between geographic clades of the Alexandrium
tamarense species complex. J Plankton Res 27:199–204. https://doi.
org/10.1093/plankt/fbh160
Johnson ZI, Martiny AC (2015) Techniques for quantifying phytoplankton biodiversity. Annu Rev Mar Sci 7:299–324. https://doi.
org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015902
Jordan RWR, Chamberlain AHL (1997) Biodiversity among haptophyte algae. Biodivers Conserv 6:131–152. https://doi.org/10.102
3/A:1018383817777
Karl DM, Bidigare RR, Letelier RM (2001) Long-term changes in
plankton community structure and productivity in the North Pacific
subtropical gyre: the domain shift hypothesis. Deep Res Pt II
48:1449–1470. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00149-1
L. Käse and J. K. Geuer
Etkins R, Epstein ES (1982) The rise of global mean sea level as an
indication of climate change. Science 215:287–289
Falkowski PG, Oliver MJ (2007) Mix and match: how climate
selects phytoplankton. Nat Rev Microbiol 5:813–819. https://doi.
org/10.1038/nrmicro1751
Fenchel T (1988) Marine plankton food chains. Annu Rev Ecol Syst
19:19–38. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.000315
Field CB, Behrenfeld MJ, Randerson JT et al (1998) Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic
components. Science 281:237–240. https://doi.org/10.1126/
science.281.5374.237
Fleming LE, Kirkpatrick B, Pierce R et al (2007) Aerosolized red-tide
toxins (Brevetoxins) and asthma. Chest 131:187–194. https://doi.
org/10.1378/chest.06-1830
Fryxell GA (1989) Marine phytoplankton at the Weddell Sea ice edge:
seasonal changes at the specific level. Polar Biol 10:1–18. https://
doi.org/10.1007/BF00238285
Fu W, Randerson JT, Moore JK (2016) Climate change impacts on net
primary production (PP) and export production (EP) regulated by
increasing stratification and phytoplankton community structure
in the CMIP5 models. Biogeosciences 13:5151–5170. https://doi.
org/10.5194/bg-13-5151-2016
Georgiou IY, FitzGerald DM, Stone GW (2005) The impact of physical processes along the Louisiana coast. J Coast Res SI 44:72–89.
https://doi.org/10.2307/25737050
Geraci JR, Anderson DM, Timperi RJ et al (1989) Humpback Whales
(Megaptera novaeangliae) fatally poisoned by dinoflagellate toxin.
Can J Fish Aquat Sci 46:1895–1898. https://doi.org/10.1139/
f89-238
Gescher C, Metfies K, Frickenhaus S et al (2008) Feasibility of assessing the community composition of prasinophytes at the Helgoland
roads sampling site with a DNA microarray. Appl Environ Microbiol
74:5305–5316. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01271-08
Glibert PM, Magnien R, Lomas MW et al (2001) Harmful algal blooms
in the Chesapeake and coastal bays of Maryland, USA: comparison
of 1997, 1998, and 1999 events. Estuaries 24:875–883. https://doi.
org/10.2307/1353178
Glibert PM, Wilkerson FP, Dugdale RC et al (2016) Pluses and minuses
of ammonium and nitrate uptake and assimilation by phytoplankton and implications for productivity and community composition,
with emphasis on nitrogen-enriched conditions. Limnol Oceanogr
61:165–197. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10203
Gobler CJ, Norman C, Panzeca C et al (2007) Effect of B-vitamins
(B1, B12) and inorganic nutrients on algal bloom dynamics in a
coastal ecosystem. Aquat Microb Ecol 49:181–194. https://doi.
org/10.3354/ame01132
Goldman JAL, Kranz SA, Young JN et al (2015) Gross and net production during the spring bloom along the western Antarctic peninsula.
New Phytol 205:182–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13125
Gregg WW, Conkright ME, Ginoux P et al (2003) Ocean primary production and climate: global decadal changes. Geophys Res Lett
30:10–13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL016889
Gross F (1937) The life history of some marine planktonic diatoms.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 228:1–47. https://doi.org/10.1098/
rstb.1937.0008
Gruber N, Gloor M, Mikaloff Fletcher SE et al (2009) Oceanic sources,
sinks, and transport of atmospheric CO 2 . Global Biogeochem
Cycles 23:GB1005. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003349
Häder D-P, Kumar HD, Smith RC et al (2007) Effects of solar UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with climate change.
Photochem Photobiol Sci 6:267–285. https://doi.org/10.1039/
B700020K
Hallegraeff GM (2010) Ocean climate change, phytoplankton
community responses, and harmful algal blooms: a formidable predictive challenge. J Phycol 46:220–235. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00815.x
Hamasaki K, Horie M, Tokimitsu S et al (2001) Variability in toxicity of
the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense isolated from Hiroshima
Bay, western Japan, as a reflecion of changing environmental
conditions. J Plankton Res 23:271–278. https://doi.org/10.1093/
plankt/23.3.271
Hansen J, Johnson D, Lacis A et al (1981) Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Science 213:957–966. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.213.4511.957
Harding LW Jr, Adolf JE, Mallonee ME et al (2015) Climate effects on
phytoplankton floral composition in Chesapeake Bay. Estuar Coast
Shelf Sci 162:53–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.12.030
Harris R (2010) The L4 time-series: the first 20 years. J Plankton Res
32:577–583. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbq021
Harvey HW (1939) Substances controlling the growth of a diatom. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 23:499–520. https://doi.org/10.1017/
S0025315400014041
Hassler CSC, Schoemann V, Nichols CM et al (2011) Saccharides
enhance iron bioavailability to Southern Ocean phytoplankton.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:1076–1081. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.1010963108
Hensen V (1887) Über die Bestimmung des Planktons oder des im
Meere treibenden Materials an Pflanzen und Thieren. Ber Komm
Wiss Unters dt Meere 5:1–108
Henson SA, Cole HS, Hopkins J et al (2018) Detection of climate
change-driven trends in phytoplankton phenology. Glob Chang Biol
24:e101–e111. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13886
Hibberd DJ (1976) The ultrastructure and taxonomy of the
Chrysophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae (Haptophyceae): a
survey with some new observations on the ultrastructure of
the Chrysophyceae. Bot J Linn Soc 72:55–80. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1976.tb01352.x
Hinder SL, Hays GC, Edwards M et al (2012) Changes in marine dinoflagellate and diatom abundance under climate change. Nat Clim
Chang 2:271–275. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1388
Hoffmann L, Komárek J, Kaštovský J (2005) System of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacteria) – state in 2004. Arch Hydrobiol Suppl Algol Stud
117:95–115. https://doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2005/0117-0095
IPCC (2013) Annex III: glossary [Planton, S. (ed.)]. In: Stocker TF,
Qin D, Plattner G-K et al (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York
Jaccard SL, Hayes CT, Hodell DA et al (2013) Two modes of change in
Southern Ocean productivity over the past millions years. Science
339:1419–1423
Jeffrey SW, Wright SW, Zapata M (1999) Recent advances in HPLC
pigment analysis of phytoplankton. Mar Freshw Res 50:879–896.
https://doi.org/10.1071/MF99109
Jiao N, Azam F (2011) Microbial carbon pump and its significance for
carbon sequestration in the ocean. In: Jiao N, Azam F, Sanders S
(eds) Microbial carbon pump in the ocean. Science/AAAS Business
Office, Washington, DC, pp 43–45
John U, Medlin LK, Groben R (2005) Development of specific rRNA
probes to distinguish between geographic clades of the Alexandrium
tamarense species complex. J Plankton Res 27:199–204. https://doi.
org/10.1093/plankt/fbh160
Johnson ZI, Martiny AC (2015) Techniques for quantifying phytoplankton biodiversity. Annu Rev Mar Sci 7:299–324. https://doi.
org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015902
Jordan RWR, Chamberlain AHL (1997) Biodiversity among haptophyte algae. Biodivers Conserv 6:131–152. https://doi.org/10.102
3/A:1018383817777
Karl DM, Bidigare RR, Letelier RM (2001) Long-term changes in
plankton community structure and productivity in the North Pacific
subtropical gyre: the domain shift hypothesis. Deep Res Pt II
48:1449–1470. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00149-1
L. Käse and J. K. Geuer