13
Fig. 5 Annual mean global sea surface temperature (SST) bias in (a)
the ensemble mean of 33 Coupled General Circulation Models
(CGCMs) contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project,
Phase 5 (CMIP5, Taylor et al. 2012) and (b) one integration of the Kiel
Climate Model (KCM). For CMIP5, the chosen experiments were “historical” experiments that were forced by the observed changes in atmospheric composition. The KCM was run with an atmospheric horizontal
resolution of approximately 3.75° and with 19 vertical levels. The
ocean model had a horizontal resolution of 2° that was refined to 0.5°
towards the equator, and 31 vertical levels. The annual mean SST bias
was diagnosed with respect to the NOAA Optimum Interpolated SST
dataset (OISST) for the period 1982–2009. Using an ensemble mean of
three ensembles instead of a single integration to diagnose the KCM
SST bias changed the results only negligibly. This demonstrates how
robust a feature the annual mean SST bias pattern is in the KCM
Can Climate Models Simulate the Observed Strong Summer Surface Cooling in the Equatorial Atlantic?
Fig. 5 Annual mean global sea surface temperature (SST) bias in (a)
the ensemble mean of 33 Coupled General Circulation Models
(CGCMs) contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project,
Phase 5 (CMIP5, Taylor et al. 2012) and (b) one integration of the Kiel
Climate Model (KCM). For CMIP5, the chosen experiments were “historical” experiments that were forced by the observed changes in atmospheric composition. The KCM was run with an atmospheric horizontal
resolution of approximately 3.75° and with 19 vertical levels. The
ocean model had a horizontal resolution of 2° that was refined to 0.5°
towards the equator, and 31 vertical levels. The annual mean SST bias
was diagnosed with respect to the NOAA Optimum Interpolated SST
dataset (OISST) for the period 1982–2009. Using an ensemble mean of
three ensembles instead of a single integration to diagnose the KCM
SST bias changed the results only negligibly. This demonstrates how
robust a feature the annual mean SST bias pattern is in the KCM
Can Climate Models Simulate the Observed Strong Summer Surface Cooling in the Equatorial Atlantic?