193
Imhof HK, Schmid J, Niessner R et al (2012) A novel, highly efficient
method for the separation and quantification of plastic particles
in sediments of aquatic environments. Limnol Oceanogr Methods
10:524–537. https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.524
Imhof HK, Ivleva NP, Schmid J et al (2013) Contamination of beach
sediments of a subalpine lake with microplastic particles. Curr Biol
23:R867–R868
Imhof HK, Laforsch C, Wiesheu AC et al (2016) Pigments and plastic
in limnetic ecosystems: a qualitative and quantitative study on microparticles of different size classes. Water Res 98:64–74. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.015
Imhof HK, Sigl R, Brauer E et al (2017) Spatial and temporal variation of macro-, meso- and microplastic abundance on a remote coral
island of the Maldives, Indian Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull 116:340–347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.010
Ivleva NP, Wiesheu AC, Niessner R (2016) Microplastic in aquatic
ecosystems. Angew Chem Int Ed 56:1720–1739. https://doi.
org/10.1002/anie.201606957
Kang J-H, Kwon OY, Lee K-W et al (2015) Marine neustonic microplastics around the southeastern coast of Korea. Mar Pollut Bull
96:304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.054
Käppler A, Windrich F, Löder MJ et al (2015) Identification of microplastics by FTIR and Raman microscopy: a novel silicon filter substrate opens the important spectral range below 1300 cm
−1 for FTIR
transmission measurements. Anal Bioanal Chem 407:6791–6801.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8850-8
Käppler A, Fischer D, Oberbeckmann S et al (2016) Analysis of environmental microplastics by vibrational microspectroscopy: FTIR,
Raman or both? Anal Bioanal Chem 408:8377–8391. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s00216-016-9956-3
Karami A, Golieskardi A, Choo CK et al (2017) A high-performance
protocol for extraction of microplastics in fish. Sci Total Environ
578:485–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.213
Karlsson TM, Vethaak AD, Almroth BC et al (2017) Screening for
microplastics in sediment, water, marine invertebrates and fish:
method development and microplastic accumulation. Mar Pollut
Bull 122:403–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.081
Kedzierski M, Le Tilly V, Bourseau P et al (2016) Microplastics
elutriation from sandy sediments: a granulometric approach.
Mar Pollut Bull 107:315–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2016.03.041
Kedzierski M, Le Tilly V, César G et al (2017) Efficient microplastics extraction from sand. A cost effective methodology based on
sodium iodide recycling. Mar Pollut Bull 115:120–129. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.002
Kesy K, Oberbeckmann S, Müller F et al (2016) Polystyrene influences bacterial assemblages in Arenicola marina-populated aquatic
environments in vitro. Environ Pollut 219:219–227. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.032
Kim I-S, Chae D-H, Kim S-K et al (2015) Factors influencing the spatial variation of microplastics on high-tidal coastal beaches in Korea.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 69:299–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00244-015-0155-6
Klein S, Worch E, Knepper TP (2015) Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in river shore sediments of the Rhine-main
area in Germany. Environ Sci Technol 49:6070–6076. https://doi.
org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00492
Lattin GL, Moore CJ, Zellers AF et al (2004) A comparison of neustonic plastic and zooplankton at different depths near the southern California shore. Mar Pollut Bull 49:291–294. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.01.020
Law KL, Morét-Ferguson S, Maximenko NA et al (2010) Plastic accumulation in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Science 329:1185–
1188. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1192321
Law KL, Morét-Ferguson SE, Goodwin DS et al (2014) Distribution
of surface plastic debris in the eastern Pacific Ocean from an
11-year data set. Environ Sci Technol 48:4732–4738. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es4053076
Lenz R, Enders K, Stedmon CA (2015) A critical assessment of visual
identification of marine microplastic using Raman spectroscopy
for analysis improvement. Mar Pollut Bull 100:82–91. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.026
Löder MGJ, Gerdts G (2015) Methodology used for the detection and
identification of microplastics—a critical appraisal. In: Bergmann
M, Gutow L, Klages M (eds) Marine anthropogenic litter. Springer,
Cham, pp 201–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_8
Löder MGJ, Kuczera M, Mintenig S et al (2015) Focal plane array
detector-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging for the
analysis of microplastics in environmental samples. Environ Chem
12:563–581. https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14205
Löder MGJ, Imhof HK, Ladehoff M et al (2017) Enzymatic purification
of microplastics in environmental samples. Environ Sci Technol.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03055
Long M, Paul-Pont I, Hégaret H et al (2017) Interactions between polystyrene microplastics and marine phytoplankton lead to speciesspecific hetero-aggregation. Environ Pollut 228:454–463. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.047
Lusher AL, Burke A, O’Connor I et al (2014) Microplastic pollution in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: validated and opportunistic
sampling. Mar Pollut Bull 88:325–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2014.08.023
Lusher AL, Welden NA, Sobral P et al (2017) Sampling, isolating and
identifying microplastics ingested by fish and invertebrates. Anal
Methods 9:1346–1360. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AY02415G
Maes T, Jessop R, Wellner N et al (2017a) A rapid-screening approach
to detect and quantify microplastics based on fluorescent tagging
with Nile Red. Sci Rep 7:44501. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44501
Maes T, Van der Meulen MD, Devriese LI et al (2017b) Microplastics
baseline surveys at the water surface and in sediments of the
north-East Atlantic. Front Mar Sci 4:135. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fmars.2017.00135
Masura J, Baker J, Foster G et al (2015) Laboratory methods for the
analysis of microplastics in the marine environment: recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments.
NOAA Technical Memorandum, Silver Spring
Miller ME, Kroon FJ, Motti CA (2017) Recovering microplastics from
marine samples: a review of current practices. Mar Pollut Bull
123:6–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.058
Mintenig SM, Int-Veen I, Löder MGJ et al (2017) Identification of
microplastic in effluents of waste water treatment plants using focal
plane array-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging. Water
Res 108:365–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.015
Moreira FT, Prantoni AL, Martini B et al (2016) Small-scale temporal and spatial variability in the abundance of plastic pellets on
sandy beaches: methodological considerations for estimating the
input of microplastics. Mar Pollut Bull 102:114–121. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.051
Murray F, Cowie PR (2011) Plastic contamination in the decapod crustacean Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Mar Pollut Bull
62:1207–1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.032
Ng KL, Obbard JP (2006) Prevalence of microplastics in Singapore’s
coastal marine environment. Mar Pollut Bull 52:761–767. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.11.017
Nobre CR, Santana MFM, Maluf A et al (2015) Assessment of
microplastic toxicity to embryonic development of the sea urchin
Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Mar Pollut
Bull 92:99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.050
Norén F (2007) Small plastic particles in Coastal Swedish waters.
KIMO Sweden, Lysekil
Nuelle M-T, Dekiff JH, Remy D et al (2014) A new analytical approach
for monitoring microplastics in marine sediments. Environ Pollut
184:161–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.027
Microplastics in Aquatic Systems – Monitoring Methods and Biological Consequences
Imhof HK, Schmid J, Niessner R et al (2012) A novel, highly efficient
method for the separation and quantification of plastic particles
in sediments of aquatic environments. Limnol Oceanogr Methods
10:524–537. https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2012.10.524
Imhof HK, Ivleva NP, Schmid J et al (2013) Contamination of beach
sediments of a subalpine lake with microplastic particles. Curr Biol
23:R867–R868
Imhof HK, Laforsch C, Wiesheu AC et al (2016) Pigments and plastic
in limnetic ecosystems: a qualitative and quantitative study on microparticles of different size classes. Water Res 98:64–74. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.015
Imhof HK, Sigl R, Brauer E et al (2017) Spatial and temporal variation of macro-, meso- and microplastic abundance on a remote coral
island of the Maldives, Indian Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull 116:340–347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.010
Ivleva NP, Wiesheu AC, Niessner R (2016) Microplastic in aquatic
ecosystems. Angew Chem Int Ed 56:1720–1739. https://doi.
org/10.1002/anie.201606957
Kang J-H, Kwon OY, Lee K-W et al (2015) Marine neustonic microplastics around the southeastern coast of Korea. Mar Pollut Bull
96:304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.054
Käppler A, Windrich F, Löder MJ et al (2015) Identification of microplastics by FTIR and Raman microscopy: a novel silicon filter substrate opens the important spectral range below 1300 cm
−1 for FTIR
transmission measurements. Anal Bioanal Chem 407:6791–6801.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8850-8
Käppler A, Fischer D, Oberbeckmann S et al (2016) Analysis of environmental microplastics by vibrational microspectroscopy: FTIR,
Raman or both? Anal Bioanal Chem 408:8377–8391. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s00216-016-9956-3
Karami A, Golieskardi A, Choo CK et al (2017) A high-performance
protocol for extraction of microplastics in fish. Sci Total Environ
578:485–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.213
Karlsson TM, Vethaak AD, Almroth BC et al (2017) Screening for
microplastics in sediment, water, marine invertebrates and fish:
method development and microplastic accumulation. Mar Pollut
Bull 122:403–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.081
Kedzierski M, Le Tilly V, Bourseau P et al (2016) Microplastics
elutriation from sandy sediments: a granulometric approach.
Mar Pollut Bull 107:315–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2016.03.041
Kedzierski M, Le Tilly V, César G et al (2017) Efficient microplastics extraction from sand. A cost effective methodology based on
sodium iodide recycling. Mar Pollut Bull 115:120–129. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.002
Kesy K, Oberbeckmann S, Müller F et al (2016) Polystyrene influences bacterial assemblages in Arenicola marina-populated aquatic
environments in vitro. Environ Pollut 219:219–227. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.032
Kim I-S, Chae D-H, Kim S-K et al (2015) Factors influencing the spatial variation of microplastics on high-tidal coastal beaches in Korea.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 69:299–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00244-015-0155-6
Klein S, Worch E, Knepper TP (2015) Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in river shore sediments of the Rhine-main
area in Germany. Environ Sci Technol 49:6070–6076. https://doi.
org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00492
Lattin GL, Moore CJ, Zellers AF et al (2004) A comparison of neustonic plastic and zooplankton at different depths near the southern California shore. Mar Pollut Bull 49:291–294. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.01.020
Law KL, Morét-Ferguson S, Maximenko NA et al (2010) Plastic accumulation in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Science 329:1185–
1188. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1192321
Law KL, Morét-Ferguson SE, Goodwin DS et al (2014) Distribution
of surface plastic debris in the eastern Pacific Ocean from an
11-year data set. Environ Sci Technol 48:4732–4738. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es4053076
Lenz R, Enders K, Stedmon CA (2015) A critical assessment of visual
identification of marine microplastic using Raman spectroscopy
for analysis improvement. Mar Pollut Bull 100:82–91. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.026
Löder MGJ, Gerdts G (2015) Methodology used for the detection and
identification of microplastics—a critical appraisal. In: Bergmann
M, Gutow L, Klages M (eds) Marine anthropogenic litter. Springer,
Cham, pp 201–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_8
Löder MGJ, Kuczera M, Mintenig S et al (2015) Focal plane array
detector-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging for the
analysis of microplastics in environmental samples. Environ Chem
12:563–581. https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14205
Löder MGJ, Imhof HK, Ladehoff M et al (2017) Enzymatic purification
of microplastics in environmental samples. Environ Sci Technol.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03055
Long M, Paul-Pont I, Hégaret H et al (2017) Interactions between polystyrene microplastics and marine phytoplankton lead to speciesspecific hetero-aggregation. Environ Pollut 228:454–463. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.047
Lusher AL, Burke A, O’Connor I et al (2014) Microplastic pollution in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: validated and opportunistic
sampling. Mar Pollut Bull 88:325–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2014.08.023
Lusher AL, Welden NA, Sobral P et al (2017) Sampling, isolating and
identifying microplastics ingested by fish and invertebrates. Anal
Methods 9:1346–1360. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AY02415G
Maes T, Jessop R, Wellner N et al (2017a) A rapid-screening approach
to detect and quantify microplastics based on fluorescent tagging
with Nile Red. Sci Rep 7:44501. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44501
Maes T, Van der Meulen MD, Devriese LI et al (2017b) Microplastics
baseline surveys at the water surface and in sediments of the
north-East Atlantic. Front Mar Sci 4:135. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fmars.2017.00135
Masura J, Baker J, Foster G et al (2015) Laboratory methods for the
analysis of microplastics in the marine environment: recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments.
NOAA Technical Memorandum, Silver Spring
Miller ME, Kroon FJ, Motti CA (2017) Recovering microplastics from
marine samples: a review of current practices. Mar Pollut Bull
123:6–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.058
Mintenig SM, Int-Veen I, Löder MGJ et al (2017) Identification of
microplastic in effluents of waste water treatment plants using focal
plane array-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging. Water
Res 108:365–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.015
Moreira FT, Prantoni AL, Martini B et al (2016) Small-scale temporal and spatial variability in the abundance of plastic pellets on
sandy beaches: methodological considerations for estimating the
input of microplastics. Mar Pollut Bull 102:114–121. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.051
Murray F, Cowie PR (2011) Plastic contamination in the decapod crustacean Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Mar Pollut Bull
62:1207–1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.03.032
Ng KL, Obbard JP (2006) Prevalence of microplastics in Singapore’s
coastal marine environment. Mar Pollut Bull 52:761–767. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.11.017
Nobre CR, Santana MFM, Maluf A et al (2015) Assessment of
microplastic toxicity to embryonic development of the sea urchin
Lytechinus variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Mar Pollut
Bull 92:99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.050
Norén F (2007) Small plastic particles in Coastal Swedish waters.
KIMO Sweden, Lysekil
Nuelle M-T, Dekiff JH, Remy D et al (2014) A new analytical approach
for monitoring microplastics in marine sediments. Environ Pollut
184:161–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.027
Microplastics in Aquatic Systems – Monitoring Methods and Biological Consequences