143
Morell JM, Corredor JE (1993) Sediment nitrogen trapping in a mangrove lagoon. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 37:203–212. https://doi.
org/10.1006/ecss.1993.1051
Mumby PJ (2006) The impact of exploiting grazers (Scaridae) on the
dynamics of caribbean coral reefs. Ecol Appl 16:747–769. https://
doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0747:TIOEGS]2.0.CO;2
Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ, Arias-González JE et al (2004) Mangroves
enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean.
Nature 427:533–536. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02286
Mumby PJ, Hastings A, Edwards HJ (2007) Thresholds and the resilience of Caribbean coral reefs. Nature 450:98–101. https://doi.
org/10.1038/nature06252
Mumby PJ, Iglesias-Prieto R, Hooten AJ et al (2011) Revisiting climate
thresholds and ecosystem collapse. Front Ecol Environ 9:94–96
Munday PL, Crawley NE, Nilsson GE (2009) Interacting effects of
elevated temperature and ocean acidification on the aerobic performance of coral reef fishes. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 388:235–242. https://
doi.org/10.3354/meps08137
Nagelkerken I (2009) Ecological connectivity among tropical coastal
ecosystems. Springer, Dordrecht
Newton K, Côté IM, Pilling GM et al (2007) Current and future sustainability of island coral reef fisheries. Curr Biol 17:655–658. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.054
O’Connor S, Ono R, Clarkson C (2011) Pelagic fishing at 42,000
years before the present and the maritime skills of modern humans.
Science 334:1117–1121. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207703
Odum EP (1968) Energy flow in ecosystems: a historical review. Integr
Comp Biol 8:11–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/8.1.11
Odum WE, Heald EJ (1972) Trophic analyses of an estuarine mangrove
community. Bull Mar Sci 22:671–738
Ogden JC (1980) Faunal relationships in Caribbean seagrass beds.
In: Phillips RC, CP MR (eds) Handbook of seagrass biologi:
an ecosystem perspective. Garland STPM Press, New York,
pp 173–198
Ormond R (1987) Conservation and management. In: Edwards A,
Head S (eds) Key environments: Red Sea. Pergamon Press, Oxford,
pp 405–423
Palacios S, Zimmerman R (2007) Response of eelgrass Zostera marina
to CO 2 enrichment: possible impacts of climate change and potential for remediation of coastal habitats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 344:1–
13. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07084
Pandolfi JM, Connolly SR, Marshall DJ et al (2011) Projecting coral
reef futures under global warming and ocean acidification. Science
333:418–422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204794
Parrish JD (1989) Fish communities of interacting shallow-water habitats in tropical oceanic regions. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 58:143–160.
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps058143
Pauly D, Christensen V, Guénette S et al (2002) Towards sustainability in world fisheries. Nature 418:689–695. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature01017
Payri CE, Naim O (1982) Variations entre 1971 et 1980 de la biomasse
et de la composition des populations de macroalgues sur le r̩ ecif corallien de Tiahura (le de Moorea, Polyn̩ esie francaise). Cryptogam
Algol 3:229–240
Pernetta JC (1993) Mangrove forests, climate change and sea level rise:
hydrological influences on community structure and survival, with
examples from the Indo-West Pacific. IUCN, Gland
Plaisance L, Caley MJ, Brainard RE et al (2011) The diversity of coral
reefs: what are we missing? PLoS ONE 6:e25026. https://doi.
org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025026
Pörtner HO (2008) Ecosystem effects of ocean acidification in times
of ocean warming: a physiologist’s view. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
373:203–217
Putnam HM, Stat M, Pochon X et al (2012) Endosymbiotic flexibility associates with environmental sensitivity in scleractinian
corals. Proc R Soc B 279:4352–4361. https://doi.org/10.1098/
rspb.2012.1454
Ramos AA, Inoue Y, Ohde S (2004) Metal contents in Porites corals: anthropogenic input of river run-off into a coral reef from an
urbanized area, Okinawa. Mar Pollut Bull 48:281–294. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.003
Raven J, Caldeira K et al (2005) Ocean acidification due to increasing
atmospheric carbon dioxide. R Soc Rep 12:1–68
Ricard D, Minto C, Jensen OP et al (2012) Examining the knowledge
base and status of commercially exploited marine species with the
RAM legacy stock assessment database. Fish Fish 13:380–398.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00435.x
Richier S, Rodriguez-Lanetty M, Schnitzler CE et al (2008) Response
of the symbiotic cnidarian Anthopleura elegantissima transcriptome
to temperature and UV increase. Comp Biochem Physiol D 3:283–
289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2008.08.001
Riser SC, Freeland HJ, Roemmich D et al (2016) Fifteen years of ocean
observations with the global argo array. Nat Clim Chang 6:145–153
Robertson AI, Duke NC (1987) Mangroves as nursery sites: comparisons of the abundance and species composition of fish and
crustaceans in mangroves and other nearshore habitats in tropical Australia. Mar Biol 96:193–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/
BF00427019
Robinson KL, Ruzicka JJ, Hernandez FJ et al (2015) Evaluating energy
flows through jellyfish and gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus)
and the effects of fishing on the northern Gulf of Mexico ecosystem.
ICES J Mar Sci 72:2301–2312. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/
fsv088
Rossoll D, Bermúdez R, Hauss H et al (2012) Ocean acidificationinduced food quality deterioration constrains trophic transfer. PLoS
ONE 7:e34737. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034737
Russell BD, Thompson JAI, Falkenberg LJ et al (2009) Synergistic
effects of climate change and local stressors: CO 2 and nutrientdriven change in subtidal rocky habitats. Glob Chang Biol 15:2153–
2162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01886.x
Sale PF, Agardy T, Ainsworth CH et al (2014) Transforming management of tropical coastal seas to cope with challenges of the
21st century. Mar Pollut Bull 85:8–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2014.06.005
Sampayo EM, Ridgway T, Bongaerts P et al (2008) Bleaching susceptibility and mortality of corals are determined by fine-scale
differences in symbiont type. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:10444–
10449. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708049105
Saunders MI, Leon JX, Callaghan DP et al (2014) Interdependency of
tropical marine ecosystems in response to climate change. Nat Clim
Chang 4:724–729. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2274
Scartazza A, Moscatello S, Gavrichkova O et al (2017) Carbon and
nitrogen allocation strategy in Posidonia oceanica is altered by seawater acidification. Sci Total Environ 607–608:954–964. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.084
Schaffelke B, Klumpp DW (1998) Short-term nutrient pulses enhance
growth and photosynthesis of the coral reef macroalga Sargassum
baccularia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 170:95–105. https://doi.org/10.3354/
meps170095
Schaffelke B, Mellors J, Duke NC (2005) Water quality in the Great
Barrier Reef region: responses of mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal communities. Mar Pollut Bull 51:279–296. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.10.025
Short FT, Neckles HA (1999) The effects of global climate change
on seagrasses. Aquat Bot 63:169–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0304-3770(98)00117-X
Short F, Carruthers T, Dennison W et al (2007) Global seagrass distribution and diversity: a bioregional model. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
350:3–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.06.012
Short FT, Polidoro B, Livingstone SR et al (2011) Extinction risk
assessment of the world’s seagrass species. Biol Conserv 144:1961–
1971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.010
Short FT, Coles R, Fortes MD et al (2014) Monitoring in the Western
Pacific region shows evidence of seagrass decline in line with global
For a World Without Boundaries: Connectivity Between Marine Tropical Ecosystems in Times of Change
Morell JM, Corredor JE (1993) Sediment nitrogen trapping in a mangrove lagoon. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 37:203–212. https://doi.
org/10.1006/ecss.1993.1051
Mumby PJ (2006) The impact of exploiting grazers (Scaridae) on the
dynamics of caribbean coral reefs. Ecol Appl 16:747–769. https://
doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0747:TIOEGS]2.0.CO;2
Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ, Arias-González JE et al (2004) Mangroves
enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean.
Nature 427:533–536. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02286
Mumby PJ, Hastings A, Edwards HJ (2007) Thresholds and the resilience of Caribbean coral reefs. Nature 450:98–101. https://doi.
org/10.1038/nature06252
Mumby PJ, Iglesias-Prieto R, Hooten AJ et al (2011) Revisiting climate
thresholds and ecosystem collapse. Front Ecol Environ 9:94–96
Munday PL, Crawley NE, Nilsson GE (2009) Interacting effects of
elevated temperature and ocean acidification on the aerobic performance of coral reef fishes. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 388:235–242. https://
doi.org/10.3354/meps08137
Nagelkerken I (2009) Ecological connectivity among tropical coastal
ecosystems. Springer, Dordrecht
Newton K, Côté IM, Pilling GM et al (2007) Current and future sustainability of island coral reef fisheries. Curr Biol 17:655–658. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.054
O’Connor S, Ono R, Clarkson C (2011) Pelagic fishing at 42,000
years before the present and the maritime skills of modern humans.
Science 334:1117–1121. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207703
Odum EP (1968) Energy flow in ecosystems: a historical review. Integr
Comp Biol 8:11–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/8.1.11
Odum WE, Heald EJ (1972) Trophic analyses of an estuarine mangrove
community. Bull Mar Sci 22:671–738
Ogden JC (1980) Faunal relationships in Caribbean seagrass beds.
In: Phillips RC, CP MR (eds) Handbook of seagrass biologi:
an ecosystem perspective. Garland STPM Press, New York,
pp 173–198
Ormond R (1987) Conservation and management. In: Edwards A,
Head S (eds) Key environments: Red Sea. Pergamon Press, Oxford,
pp 405–423
Palacios S, Zimmerman R (2007) Response of eelgrass Zostera marina
to CO 2 enrichment: possible impacts of climate change and potential for remediation of coastal habitats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 344:1–
13. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07084
Pandolfi JM, Connolly SR, Marshall DJ et al (2011) Projecting coral
reef futures under global warming and ocean acidification. Science
333:418–422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1204794
Parrish JD (1989) Fish communities of interacting shallow-water habitats in tropical oceanic regions. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 58:143–160.
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps058143
Pauly D, Christensen V, Guénette S et al (2002) Towards sustainability in world fisheries. Nature 418:689–695. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature01017
Payri CE, Naim O (1982) Variations entre 1971 et 1980 de la biomasse
et de la composition des populations de macroalgues sur le r̩ ecif corallien de Tiahura (le de Moorea, Polyn̩ esie francaise). Cryptogam
Algol 3:229–240
Pernetta JC (1993) Mangrove forests, climate change and sea level rise:
hydrological influences on community structure and survival, with
examples from the Indo-West Pacific. IUCN, Gland
Plaisance L, Caley MJ, Brainard RE et al (2011) The diversity of coral
reefs: what are we missing? PLoS ONE 6:e25026. https://doi.
org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025026
Pörtner HO (2008) Ecosystem effects of ocean acidification in times
of ocean warming: a physiologist’s view. Mar Ecol Prog Ser
373:203–217
Putnam HM, Stat M, Pochon X et al (2012) Endosymbiotic flexibility associates with environmental sensitivity in scleractinian
corals. Proc R Soc B 279:4352–4361. https://doi.org/10.1098/
rspb.2012.1454
Ramos AA, Inoue Y, Ohde S (2004) Metal contents in Porites corals: anthropogenic input of river run-off into a coral reef from an
urbanized area, Okinawa. Mar Pollut Bull 48:281–294. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.003
Raven J, Caldeira K et al (2005) Ocean acidification due to increasing
atmospheric carbon dioxide. R Soc Rep 12:1–68
Ricard D, Minto C, Jensen OP et al (2012) Examining the knowledge
base and status of commercially exploited marine species with the
RAM legacy stock assessment database. Fish Fish 13:380–398.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00435.x
Richier S, Rodriguez-Lanetty M, Schnitzler CE et al (2008) Response
of the symbiotic cnidarian Anthopleura elegantissima transcriptome
to temperature and UV increase. Comp Biochem Physiol D 3:283–
289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2008.08.001
Riser SC, Freeland HJ, Roemmich D et al (2016) Fifteen years of ocean
observations with the global argo array. Nat Clim Chang 6:145–153
Robertson AI, Duke NC (1987) Mangroves as nursery sites: comparisons of the abundance and species composition of fish and
crustaceans in mangroves and other nearshore habitats in tropical Australia. Mar Biol 96:193–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/
BF00427019
Robinson KL, Ruzicka JJ, Hernandez FJ et al (2015) Evaluating energy
flows through jellyfish and gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus)
and the effects of fishing on the northern Gulf of Mexico ecosystem.
ICES J Mar Sci 72:2301–2312. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/
fsv088
Rossoll D, Bermúdez R, Hauss H et al (2012) Ocean acidificationinduced food quality deterioration constrains trophic transfer. PLoS
ONE 7:e34737. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034737
Russell BD, Thompson JAI, Falkenberg LJ et al (2009) Synergistic
effects of climate change and local stressors: CO 2 and nutrientdriven change in subtidal rocky habitats. Glob Chang Biol 15:2153–
2162. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01886.x
Sale PF, Agardy T, Ainsworth CH et al (2014) Transforming management of tropical coastal seas to cope with challenges of the
21st century. Mar Pollut Bull 85:8–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2014.06.005
Sampayo EM, Ridgway T, Bongaerts P et al (2008) Bleaching susceptibility and mortality of corals are determined by fine-scale
differences in symbiont type. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:10444–
10449. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708049105
Saunders MI, Leon JX, Callaghan DP et al (2014) Interdependency of
tropical marine ecosystems in response to climate change. Nat Clim
Chang 4:724–729. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE2274
Scartazza A, Moscatello S, Gavrichkova O et al (2017) Carbon and
nitrogen allocation strategy in Posidonia oceanica is altered by seawater acidification. Sci Total Environ 607–608:954–964. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.084
Schaffelke B, Klumpp DW (1998) Short-term nutrient pulses enhance
growth and photosynthesis of the coral reef macroalga Sargassum
baccularia. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 170:95–105. https://doi.org/10.3354/
meps170095
Schaffelke B, Mellors J, Duke NC (2005) Water quality in the Great
Barrier Reef region: responses of mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal communities. Mar Pollut Bull 51:279–296. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.10.025
Short FT, Neckles HA (1999) The effects of global climate change
on seagrasses. Aquat Bot 63:169–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0304-3770(98)00117-X
Short F, Carruthers T, Dennison W et al (2007) Global seagrass distribution and diversity: a bioregional model. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol
350:3–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2007.06.012
Short FT, Polidoro B, Livingstone SR et al (2011) Extinction risk
assessment of the world’s seagrass species. Biol Conserv 144:1961–
1971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.010
Short FT, Coles R, Fortes MD et al (2014) Monitoring in the Western
Pacific region shows evidence of seagrass decline in line with global
For a World Without Boundaries: Connectivity Between Marine Tropical Ecosystems in Times of Change