144
trends. Mar Pollut Bull 83:408–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2014.03.036
Singh G, Ramanathan AL, Prasad MBK (2005) Nutrient cycling
in mangrove ecosystem: a brief overview. Int J Ecol Environ Sci
31:231–244
Spalding MD, Green EP, Ravilious C (2001) World atlas of coral reefs.
University of California Press/UNEP-WCMC, Berkeley
Spalding M, Kainuma M, Collins L (2010) World atlas of mangroves.
Earthscan, London
Stewart HL (2006) Morphological variation and phenotypic plasticity
of buoyancy in the macroalga Turbinaria ornata across a barrier reef.
Mar Biol 149:721–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0186-z
Stewart HL (2008) The role of spatial and ontogenetic morphological variation in the expansion of the geographic range of the tropical brown alga, Turbinaria ornata. Integr Comp Biol 48:713–719.
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icn028
Stone R (2007) Ecology. A world without corals? Science 316:678–
681. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.316.5825.678
Swindells KL, Murdoch RJ, Bazen WD et al (2017) Habitat configuration alters herbivory across the tropical seascape. Front Mar Sci
4:48. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00048
Talmage SC, Gobler CJ (2010) Effects of past, present, and future ocean
carbon dioxide concentrations on the growth and survival of larval
shellfish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:17246–17251. https://doi.
org/10.1073/pnas.0913804107
Tambutté E, Venn AA, Holcomb M et al (2015) Morphological plasticity of the coral skeleton under CO 2 -driven seawater acidification.
Nat Commun 6:7368. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8368
Tomlinson PB (2016) The botany of mangroves. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge
Trenberth KE (2005) Uncertainty in hurricanes and global warming.
Science 308:1753–1754
Trenberth KE (2011) Changes in precipitation with climate change.
Clim Res 47:123–138. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00953
UNEP-WCMC (2006) In the front line: shoreline protection and
other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs. UNEPWCMC, Cambridge
Unsworth RKF, De León PS, Garrard SL et al (2008) High connectivity of Indo-Pacific seagrass fish assemblages with mangrove and
coral reef habitats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 353:213–224. https://doi.
org/10.3354/meps07199
Unsworth RKF, Collier CJ, Henderson GM et al (2012) Tropical seagrass meadows modify seawater carbon chemistry: implications
for coral reefs impacted by ocean acidification. Environ Res Lett
7:024026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024026
Valiela I, Cole ML (2002) Comparative evidence that salt marshes
and mangroves may protect seagrass meadows from land-derived
nitrogen loads. Ecosystems 5:92–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10021-001-0058-4
Valiela I, Bowen JL, York JK (2001) Mangrove forests: one of the
world’s threatened major tropical environments. Bioscience 51:807–
815. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0807:MFOOTW
]2.0.CO;2
van Oppen MJH, Oliver JK, Putnam HM et al (2015) Building coral
reef resilience through assisted evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
112:2307–2313. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422301112
van Tussenbroek BI, Hernández Arana HA, Rodríguez-Martínez RE
et al (2017) Severe impacts of brown tides caused by Sargassum
spp. on near-shore Caribbean seagrass communities. Mar Pollut
Bull 122:272–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.057
Vaughan DS, Shertzer KW, Smith JW (2007) Gulf menhaden
(Brevoortia patronus) in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: fishery characteristics and biological reference points for management. Fish Res
83:263–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.10.002
Vermaat JE, Thampanya U (2006) Mangroves mitigate tsunami damage: a further response. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 69:1–3. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.019
Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J et al (1997) Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems. Science 277:494–499. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.277.5325.494
Ward RD, Friess DA, Day RH et al (2016) Impacts of climate change
on mangrove ecosystems: a region by region overview. Ecosyst
Heal Sustain 2:e01211. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehs2.1211
Waycott M, Duarte CM, Carruthers TJB et al (2009) Accelerating loss
of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:12377–12381. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.0905620106
Wilkinson CR (1992) Coral reefs of the world are facing widespread
devastation: can we prevent this through sustainable management
practices? Proc Seventh Int Coral Reef Symp 1:11–21
Wilkinson C (2008) Status of coral reefs of the world: 2008. Global
Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Reef and Rainforest Research
Centre. The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS),
Townsville
Worm B, Barbier EB, Beaumont N et al (2006) Impacts of biodiversity
loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314:787–790. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.1132294
Yellowlees D, Rees TAV, Leggat W (2008) Metabolic interactions
between algal symbionts and invertebrate hosts. Plant Cell Environ
31:679–694
Yeragi SS, Yeragi SG (2014) Status, biodiversity and distribution of
mangroves in South Konkan, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra
State India: an overview. Int J Life Sci 2:67–69
Zhou X (2017) An overview of recently published global aquaculture
statistics. FAO Aquact Newslett 56:6–8
Zimmerman RC, Kohrs DG, Steller DL et al (1997) Impacts of CO 2
enrichment on productivity and light requirements of eelgrass. Plant
Physiol 115:599–607. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.115.2.599
Zubia M, Andréfouët S, Payri CE (2015) Distribution and biomass
evaluation of drifting brown algae from Moorea lagoon (French
Polynesia) for eco-friendly agricultural use. J Appl Phycol 27:1277–
1287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0400-9
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give
appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link
to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included
in the chapter’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise
in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter’s
Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to
obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
H. S. Earp et al.
trends. Mar Pollut Bull 83:408–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2014.03.036
Singh G, Ramanathan AL, Prasad MBK (2005) Nutrient cycling
in mangrove ecosystem: a brief overview. Int J Ecol Environ Sci
31:231–244
Spalding MD, Green EP, Ravilious C (2001) World atlas of coral reefs.
University of California Press/UNEP-WCMC, Berkeley
Spalding M, Kainuma M, Collins L (2010) World atlas of mangroves.
Earthscan, London
Stewart HL (2006) Morphological variation and phenotypic plasticity
of buoyancy in the macroalga Turbinaria ornata across a barrier reef.
Mar Biol 149:721–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0186-z
Stewart HL (2008) The role of spatial and ontogenetic morphological variation in the expansion of the geographic range of the tropical brown alga, Turbinaria ornata. Integr Comp Biol 48:713–719.
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icn028
Stone R (2007) Ecology. A world without corals? Science 316:678–
681. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.316.5825.678
Swindells KL, Murdoch RJ, Bazen WD et al (2017) Habitat configuration alters herbivory across the tropical seascape. Front Mar Sci
4:48. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00048
Talmage SC, Gobler CJ (2010) Effects of past, present, and future ocean
carbon dioxide concentrations on the growth and survival of larval
shellfish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:17246–17251. https://doi.
org/10.1073/pnas.0913804107
Tambutté E, Venn AA, Holcomb M et al (2015) Morphological plasticity of the coral skeleton under CO 2 -driven seawater acidification.
Nat Commun 6:7368. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8368
Tomlinson PB (2016) The botany of mangroves. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge
Trenberth KE (2005) Uncertainty in hurricanes and global warming.
Science 308:1753–1754
Trenberth KE (2011) Changes in precipitation with climate change.
Clim Res 47:123–138. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr00953
UNEP-WCMC (2006) In the front line: shoreline protection and
other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs. UNEPWCMC, Cambridge
Unsworth RKF, De León PS, Garrard SL et al (2008) High connectivity of Indo-Pacific seagrass fish assemblages with mangrove and
coral reef habitats. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 353:213–224. https://doi.
org/10.3354/meps07199
Unsworth RKF, Collier CJ, Henderson GM et al (2012) Tropical seagrass meadows modify seawater carbon chemistry: implications
for coral reefs impacted by ocean acidification. Environ Res Lett
7:024026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024026
Valiela I, Cole ML (2002) Comparative evidence that salt marshes
and mangroves may protect seagrass meadows from land-derived
nitrogen loads. Ecosystems 5:92–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10021-001-0058-4
Valiela I, Bowen JL, York JK (2001) Mangrove forests: one of the
world’s threatened major tropical environments. Bioscience 51:807–
815. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0807:MFOOTW
]2.0.CO;2
van Oppen MJH, Oliver JK, Putnam HM et al (2015) Building coral
reef resilience through assisted evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
112:2307–2313. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422301112
van Tussenbroek BI, Hernández Arana HA, Rodríguez-Martínez RE
et al (2017) Severe impacts of brown tides caused by Sargassum
spp. on near-shore Caribbean seagrass communities. Mar Pollut
Bull 122:272–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.057
Vaughan DS, Shertzer KW, Smith JW (2007) Gulf menhaden
(Brevoortia patronus) in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: fishery characteristics and biological reference points for management. Fish Res
83:263–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.10.002
Vermaat JE, Thampanya U (2006) Mangroves mitigate tsunami damage: a further response. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 69:1–3. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.019
Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J et al (1997) Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems. Science 277:494–499. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.277.5325.494
Ward RD, Friess DA, Day RH et al (2016) Impacts of climate change
on mangrove ecosystems: a region by region overview. Ecosyst
Heal Sustain 2:e01211. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehs2.1211
Waycott M, Duarte CM, Carruthers TJB et al (2009) Accelerating loss
of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:12377–12381. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.0905620106
Wilkinson CR (1992) Coral reefs of the world are facing widespread
devastation: can we prevent this through sustainable management
practices? Proc Seventh Int Coral Reef Symp 1:11–21
Wilkinson C (2008) Status of coral reefs of the world: 2008. Global
Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Reef and Rainforest Research
Centre. The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS),
Townsville
Worm B, Barbier EB, Beaumont N et al (2006) Impacts of biodiversity
loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314:787–790. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.1132294
Yellowlees D, Rees TAV, Leggat W (2008) Metabolic interactions
between algal symbionts and invertebrate hosts. Plant Cell Environ
31:679–694
Yeragi SS, Yeragi SG (2014) Status, biodiversity and distribution of
mangroves in South Konkan, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra
State India: an overview. Int J Life Sci 2:67–69
Zhou X (2017) An overview of recently published global aquaculture
statistics. FAO Aquact Newslett 56:6–8
Zimmerman RC, Kohrs DG, Steller DL et al (1997) Impacts of CO 2
enrichment on productivity and light requirements of eelgrass. Plant
Physiol 115:599–607. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.115.2.599
Zubia M, Andréfouët S, Payri CE (2015) Distribution and biomass
evaluation of drifting brown algae from Moorea lagoon (French
Polynesia) for eco-friendly agricultural use. J Appl Phycol 27:1277–
1287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0400-9
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give
appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link
to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included
in the chapter’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise
in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter’s
Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to
obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
H. S. Earp et al.