141
knowledge gaps to mangrove and saltmarsh ecosystems. Biol Rev
87:346–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00198.x
Garrard SL, Gambi MC, Scipione MB et al (2014) Indirect effects may
buffer negative responses of seagrass invertebrate communities to
ocean acidification. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 461:31–38. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.011
Gaylord B, Kroeker KJ, Sunday JM et al (2015) Ocean acidification
through the lens of ecological theory. Ecology 96:3–15. https://doi.
org/10.1890/14-0802.1
Gazeau F, Parker LM, Comeau S et al (2013) Impacts of ocean acidification on marine shelled molluscs. Mar Biol 160:2207–2245.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2219-3
Gegner HM, Ziegler M, Rädecker N et al (2017) High salinity conveys
thermotolerance in the coral model Aiptasia. Biol Open 6:1943–
1948. https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.028878
Gerber LR, Mancha-Cisneros MDM, O’Connor M et al (2014) Climate
change impacts on connectivity in the ocean: implications for conservation. Ecosphere 5:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00336.1
Gillis LG, Bouma TJ, Jones CG et al (2014) Potential for landscapescale positive interactions among tropical marine ecosystems. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 503:289–303. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10716
Gilman E, van Lavieren J, Ellison V (2006) Pacific Island mangroves
in a changing climate and rising sea. United Nations Environment
Programme, Regional Seas Programme, Nairobi
Gilman EL, Ellison J, Duke NC et al (2008) Threats to mangroves
from climate change and adaptation options: a review. Aquat Bot
89:237–250
Gladstone W (2008) Towards conservation of a globally significant
ecosystem: the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Aquat Conserv Mar
Freshwat Ecosyst 18:1–5
Gnanadesikan A, Stouffer RJ (2006) Diagnosing atmosphere-ocean
general circulation model errors relevant to the terrestrial biosphere using the Köppen climate classification. Geophys Res Lett
33:L22701. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028098
Godoy MDP, De Lacerda LD (2015) Mangroves response to climate
change: a review of recent findings on mangrove extension and
distribution. An Acad Bras Cienc Ann Braz Acad Sci 87:651–667.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520150055
Golbuu Y, Victor S, Wolanski E et al (2003) Trapping of fine sediment
in a semi-enclosed bay, Palau, Micronesia. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci
57:941–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00424-9
Granek EF, Compton JE, Phillips DL (2009) Mangrove-exported nutrient incorporation by sessile coral reef invertebrates. Ecosystems
12:462–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9235-7
Green EP, Short FT (2003) World atlas of seagrasses. Prepared by
the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. University of
California Press, Berkeley
Grober-Dunsmore R, Pittman SJ, Caldow C et al (2009) A landscape
ecology approach for the study of ecological connectivity across
tropical marine seascapes. In: Nagelkerken I (ed) Ecological connectivity among tropical coastal ecosystems. Springer, Dordrecht,
pp 493–530
Guannel G, Arkema K, Ruggiero P et al (2016) The power of three:
coral reefs, seagrasses and mangroves protect coastal regions and
increase their resilience. PLoS ONE 11:e0158094. https://doi.
org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158094
Guinotte JM, Fabry VJ (2008) Ocean acidification and its potential
effects on marine ecosystems. Ann NY Acad Sci 1134:320–342
Hall-Spencer JM, Rodolfo-Metalpa R, Martin S et al (2008) Volcanic
carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification.
Nature 454:96–99. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07051
Halpern BS, Walbridge S, Selkoe KA et al (2008) A global map of
human impact on marine ecosystems. Science 319:948–952. https://
doi.org/10.1126/science.1149345
Hamilton LS, Snedaker SC (1984) Handbook for mangrove area management. East-West Environment and Policy Institute, Honolulu
Harley CDG, Anderson KM, Demes KW et al (2012) Effects of climate
change on global seaweed communities. J Phycol 48:1064–1078.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01224.x
Heck KL, Carruthers TJB, Duarte CM et al (2008) Trophic transfers
from seagrass meadows subsidize diverse marine and terrestrial
consumers. Ecosystems 11:1198–1210. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10021-008-9155-y
Heenan A, Williams ID (2013) Monitoring herbivorous fishes as indicators of coral reef resilience in American Samoa. PLoS ONE
8:e79604. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079604
Henderson CJ, Gilby BL, Lee SY et al (2017) Contrasting effects
of habitat complexity and connectivity on biodiversity in seagrass meadows. Mar Biol 164:117. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00227-017-3149-2
Hendriks IE, Olsen YS, Ramajo L et al (2014) Photosynthetic activity
buffers ocean acidification in seagrass meadows. Biogeosciences
11:333–346. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-333-2014
Hendriks IE, Duarte CM, Olsen YS et al (2015) Biological mechanisms
supporting adaptation to ocean acidification in coastal ecosystems. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 152:A1–A8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ecss.2014.07.019
Hepburn CD, Pritchard DW, Cornwall CE et al (2011) Diversity of
carbon use strategies in a kelp forest community: implications for
a high CO 2 ocean. Glob Chang Biol 17:2488–2497. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02411.x
Herbeck LS, Sollich M, Unger D et al (2014) Impact of pond aquaculture effluents on seagrass performance in NE Hainan, tropical China. Mar Pollut Bull 85:190–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2014.05.050
Hoegh-Guldberg O (2014) Tropical marine ecosystems. In:
Lindenmayer D, Morton S, Dovers S (eds) Ten commitments revisited: securing Australia’s future environment. CSIRO Publishing,
Collingwood, pp 59–70
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Bruno JF (2010) The impact of climate change on
the world’s marine ecosystems. Science 328:1523–1528. https://
doi.org/10.1126/science.1189930
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ et al (2007) Coral reefs
under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science
318:1737–1742
Howells EJ, Abrego D, Meyer E et al (2016) Host adaptation and unexpected symbiont partners enable reef-building corals to tolerate
extreme temperatures. Glob Chang Biol 22:2702–2714. https://doi.
org/10.1111/gcb.13250
Hughes TP (1994) Catastrophes, phase shifts, and large-scale degradation of a Caribbean coral reef. Science 265:1547–1551. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.265.5178.1547
Invers O, Romero J, Pérez M (1997) Effects of pH on seagrass photosynthesis: a laboratory and field assessment. Aquat Bot 59:185–194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(97)00072-7
IPCC (2013) Climate change 2013 – the physical science basis.
Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report
of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, New York. https://doi.org/10.1017/
CBO9781107415324
Jackson JBC, Kirby MX, Berger WH et al (2001) Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science
293:629–637
Jennerjahn TC (2012) Biogeochemical response of tropical coastal
systems to present and past environmental change. Earth Sci Rev
114:19–41
Jennerjahn TC, Ittekkot V (2002) Relevance of mangroves for the production and deposition of organic matter along tropical continental
margins. Naturwissenschaften 89:23–30
Kathiresan K (2008) Threats to mangroves – degradation and destruction of mangroves. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology.
Annamalai University
For a World Without Boundaries: Connectivity Between Marine Tropical Ecosystems in Times of Change
knowledge gaps to mangrove and saltmarsh ecosystems. Biol Rev
87:346–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00198.x
Garrard SL, Gambi MC, Scipione MB et al (2014) Indirect effects may
buffer negative responses of seagrass invertebrate communities to
ocean acidification. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 461:31–38. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.011
Gaylord B, Kroeker KJ, Sunday JM et al (2015) Ocean acidification
through the lens of ecological theory. Ecology 96:3–15. https://doi.
org/10.1890/14-0802.1
Gazeau F, Parker LM, Comeau S et al (2013) Impacts of ocean acidification on marine shelled molluscs. Mar Biol 160:2207–2245.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2219-3
Gegner HM, Ziegler M, Rädecker N et al (2017) High salinity conveys
thermotolerance in the coral model Aiptasia. Biol Open 6:1943–
1948. https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.028878
Gerber LR, Mancha-Cisneros MDM, O’Connor M et al (2014) Climate
change impacts on connectivity in the ocean: implications for conservation. Ecosphere 5:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00336.1
Gillis LG, Bouma TJ, Jones CG et al (2014) Potential for landscapescale positive interactions among tropical marine ecosystems. Mar
Ecol Prog Ser 503:289–303. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10716
Gilman E, van Lavieren J, Ellison V (2006) Pacific Island mangroves
in a changing climate and rising sea. United Nations Environment
Programme, Regional Seas Programme, Nairobi
Gilman EL, Ellison J, Duke NC et al (2008) Threats to mangroves
from climate change and adaptation options: a review. Aquat Bot
89:237–250
Gladstone W (2008) Towards conservation of a globally significant
ecosystem: the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Aquat Conserv Mar
Freshwat Ecosyst 18:1–5
Gnanadesikan A, Stouffer RJ (2006) Diagnosing atmosphere-ocean
general circulation model errors relevant to the terrestrial biosphere using the Köppen climate classification. Geophys Res Lett
33:L22701. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028098
Godoy MDP, De Lacerda LD (2015) Mangroves response to climate
change: a review of recent findings on mangrove extension and
distribution. An Acad Bras Cienc Ann Braz Acad Sci 87:651–667.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520150055
Golbuu Y, Victor S, Wolanski E et al (2003) Trapping of fine sediment
in a semi-enclosed bay, Palau, Micronesia. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci
57:941–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00424-9
Granek EF, Compton JE, Phillips DL (2009) Mangrove-exported nutrient incorporation by sessile coral reef invertebrates. Ecosystems
12:462–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-009-9235-7
Green EP, Short FT (2003) World atlas of seagrasses. Prepared by
the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. University of
California Press, Berkeley
Grober-Dunsmore R, Pittman SJ, Caldow C et al (2009) A landscape
ecology approach for the study of ecological connectivity across
tropical marine seascapes. In: Nagelkerken I (ed) Ecological connectivity among tropical coastal ecosystems. Springer, Dordrecht,
pp 493–530
Guannel G, Arkema K, Ruggiero P et al (2016) The power of three:
coral reefs, seagrasses and mangroves protect coastal regions and
increase their resilience. PLoS ONE 11:e0158094. https://doi.
org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158094
Guinotte JM, Fabry VJ (2008) Ocean acidification and its potential
effects on marine ecosystems. Ann NY Acad Sci 1134:320–342
Hall-Spencer JM, Rodolfo-Metalpa R, Martin S et al (2008) Volcanic
carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification.
Nature 454:96–99. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07051
Halpern BS, Walbridge S, Selkoe KA et al (2008) A global map of
human impact on marine ecosystems. Science 319:948–952. https://
doi.org/10.1126/science.1149345
Hamilton LS, Snedaker SC (1984) Handbook for mangrove area management. East-West Environment and Policy Institute, Honolulu
Harley CDG, Anderson KM, Demes KW et al (2012) Effects of climate
change on global seaweed communities. J Phycol 48:1064–1078.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01224.x
Heck KL, Carruthers TJB, Duarte CM et al (2008) Trophic transfers
from seagrass meadows subsidize diverse marine and terrestrial
consumers. Ecosystems 11:1198–1210. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10021-008-9155-y
Heenan A, Williams ID (2013) Monitoring herbivorous fishes as indicators of coral reef resilience in American Samoa. PLoS ONE
8:e79604. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079604
Henderson CJ, Gilby BL, Lee SY et al (2017) Contrasting effects
of habitat complexity and connectivity on biodiversity in seagrass meadows. Mar Biol 164:117. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00227-017-3149-2
Hendriks IE, Olsen YS, Ramajo L et al (2014) Photosynthetic activity
buffers ocean acidification in seagrass meadows. Biogeosciences
11:333–346. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-333-2014
Hendriks IE, Duarte CM, Olsen YS et al (2015) Biological mechanisms
supporting adaptation to ocean acidification in coastal ecosystems. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 152:A1–A8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ecss.2014.07.019
Hepburn CD, Pritchard DW, Cornwall CE et al (2011) Diversity of
carbon use strategies in a kelp forest community: implications for
a high CO 2 ocean. Glob Chang Biol 17:2488–2497. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02411.x
Herbeck LS, Sollich M, Unger D et al (2014) Impact of pond aquaculture effluents on seagrass performance in NE Hainan, tropical China. Mar Pollut Bull 85:190–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2014.05.050
Hoegh-Guldberg O (2014) Tropical marine ecosystems. In:
Lindenmayer D, Morton S, Dovers S (eds) Ten commitments revisited: securing Australia’s future environment. CSIRO Publishing,
Collingwood, pp 59–70
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Bruno JF (2010) The impact of climate change on
the world’s marine ecosystems. Science 328:1523–1528. https://
doi.org/10.1126/science.1189930
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ et al (2007) Coral reefs
under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science
318:1737–1742
Howells EJ, Abrego D, Meyer E et al (2016) Host adaptation and unexpected symbiont partners enable reef-building corals to tolerate
extreme temperatures. Glob Chang Biol 22:2702–2714. https://doi.
org/10.1111/gcb.13250
Hughes TP (1994) Catastrophes, phase shifts, and large-scale degradation of a Caribbean coral reef. Science 265:1547–1551. https://doi.
org/10.1126/science.265.5178.1547
Invers O, Romero J, Pérez M (1997) Effects of pH on seagrass photosynthesis: a laboratory and field assessment. Aquat Bot 59:185–194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(97)00072-7
IPCC (2013) Climate change 2013 – the physical science basis.
Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report
of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, New York. https://doi.org/10.1017/
CBO9781107415324
Jackson JBC, Kirby MX, Berger WH et al (2001) Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science
293:629–637
Jennerjahn TC (2012) Biogeochemical response of tropical coastal
systems to present and past environmental change. Earth Sci Rev
114:19–41
Jennerjahn TC, Ittekkot V (2002) Relevance of mangroves for the production and deposition of organic matter along tropical continental
margins. Naturwissenschaften 89:23–30
Kathiresan K (2008) Threats to mangroves – degradation and destruction of mangroves. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology.
Annamalai University
For a World Without Boundaries: Connectivity Between Marine Tropical Ecosystems in Times of Change