240
Table 10.4 Identifi ed pathways towards improved environmental governance of the Baltic Sea.
Specifi c ideas for how to promote pathways as well as institutional reform are also indicated (these
are further discussed in the text)
Multi-level and
multi-sector governance
structures
Assessment –
management
interactions
Stakeholder
participation and
communication
Root
problems
Insuffi cient coordination
and integration
Insuffi cient
coordination and
integration
Undeveloped
stakeholder inclusion
and deliberation
Insuffi cient fl exibility and
adaptability
Insuffi cient coping with
uncertainty
Identifi ed
pathways
‘Towards regionally
integrated and refl exive
governance
arrangements’
‘Towards post-normal
a
science based advice
and precautionary
strategies’
‘Towards inclusive
stakeholder
deliberation’
Specifi c
ideas for
promoting
the
identifi ed
broad
pathways
Develop existing
rudimentary synergies
between the EU (e.g.
MSFD) and HELCOM’s
(e.g. BSAP)
environmental policies,
for example by
synthesising BSAP and
EUSBSR. Enforcement
can often be improved by
rescaling regional
initiatives to EU
regulations
Explicit requirements
for interdisciplinary,
socio-economic (incl.
cost of no action)
assessments, as well as
stakeholder and
practitioner input
Make provisions for
stakeholder inclusion
and deliberation more
explicit in EAM
implementation, e.g.
linked to
implementation of the
EU MSFD, the
HELCOM BSAP and
the EUSBSR
Reform sector policies
(e.g. CAP, CFP, REACH)
to strengthen interactions
with environmental
policies (e.g. MSFD,
BSAP). Integrative
policies such as MSP
b
can be important
mechanisms
Explicit requirements
for uncertainty appraisal
and development of
regionally common
guidelines for this
Enhanced efforts to
communicate regional
level environmental
issues and governance
challenges, as well as
environmental values,
services etc. to the
general public
Make explicit
requirements for
continuous review and
reform of governance
arrangements based on
key criteria such as
participation, precaution,
polluter pays, adaptive
learning and equity
Regulatory provisions
for changed burden of
proof and other types of
precautionary measures
Institutionalise forums
and media for
generating a stronger
Baltic identity, seeking
to ensure that Russia
and Russian
stakeholders are also
stimulated to
participate
Institutional reforms to
improve the regional
and multi-sector basis
for integrated sciencebased advice;
streamlining the
time-consuming system
of analysing and
decision-making bodies
(continued)
M. Gilek and M. Karlsson
Table 10.4 Identifi ed pathways towards improved environmental governance of the Baltic Sea.
Specifi c ideas for how to promote pathways as well as institutional reform are also indicated (these
are further discussed in the text)
Multi-level and
multi-sector governance
structures
Assessment –
management
interactions
Stakeholder
participation and
communication
Root
problems
Insuffi cient coordination
and integration
Insuffi cient
coordination and
integration
Undeveloped
stakeholder inclusion
and deliberation
Insuffi cient fl exibility and
adaptability
Insuffi cient coping with
uncertainty
Identifi ed
pathways
‘Towards regionally
integrated and refl exive
governance
arrangements’
‘Towards post-normal
a
science based advice
and precautionary
strategies’
‘Towards inclusive
stakeholder
deliberation’
Specifi c
ideas for
promoting
the
identifi ed
broad
pathways
Develop existing
rudimentary synergies
between the EU (e.g.
MSFD) and HELCOM’s
(e.g. BSAP)
environmental policies,
for example by
synthesising BSAP and
EUSBSR. Enforcement
can often be improved by
rescaling regional
initiatives to EU
regulations
Explicit requirements
for interdisciplinary,
socio-economic (incl.
cost of no action)
assessments, as well as
stakeholder and
practitioner input
Make provisions for
stakeholder inclusion
and deliberation more
explicit in EAM
implementation, e.g.
linked to
implementation of the
EU MSFD, the
HELCOM BSAP and
the EUSBSR
Reform sector policies
(e.g. CAP, CFP, REACH)
to strengthen interactions
with environmental
policies (e.g. MSFD,
BSAP). Integrative
policies such as MSP
b
can be important
mechanisms
Explicit requirements
for uncertainty appraisal
and development of
regionally common
guidelines for this
Enhanced efforts to
communicate regional
level environmental
issues and governance
challenges, as well as
environmental values,
services etc. to the
general public
Make explicit
requirements for
continuous review and
reform of governance
arrangements based on
key criteria such as
participation, precaution,
polluter pays, adaptive
learning and equity
Regulatory provisions
for changed burden of
proof and other types of
precautionary measures
Institutionalise forums
and media for
generating a stronger
Baltic identity, seeking
to ensure that Russia
and Russian
stakeholders are also
stimulated to
participate
Institutional reforms to
improve the regional
and multi-sector basis
for integrated sciencebased advice;
streamlining the
time-consuming system
of analysing and
decision-making bodies
(continued)
M. Gilek and M. Karlsson