287
early morning. The monthly maximum UHI Ta occurs in winter in the city center due
to anthropogenic heat production. However, considering hourly averages, the maximum
UHI is experienced in summer. It can be observed that air temperature differences
are largest at nighttime, but the PET differences are highest at daytime. The urban
heat island intensity was compared to the air pressure as well as fl ow patterns. The UHI
is more pronounced during periods with anticyclonic weather situation (Ketterer
and Matzarakis 2014a ).
10.2 Pilot Action Study Stuttgart
In this chapter the pilot action study in Stuttgart is presented. For the pilot action
area the city district Stuttgart-West is chosen. The area was selected in view of a
problematic climatic situation with high thermal stress caused by the structure of
building. An important point for the selection of the area is an initiative launched by
the municipal urban planners for restructuring the district in the next decades.
Expected changes in urban living, the predicted increase in urban population, within
the district existing brownfi elds and also the poor climatic situation are facts for a
necessary restructuring of the district. The objective of the pilot action study is to
fi nd out realisable options for improving the local climatic situation in the district
mainly due to better the air ventilation and the reduction of thermal stress. The
results of these study should be integrated into a development outline plan of the
district, which is under development by the municipal urban planners. In Stuttgart
development outline plans are an established pathbreaking helpful urban planning
tool for the sustainable future development and restructuring of single city districts
weighting residental, economical, public, natural, environmental and climatical
aspects. Reducing the negative impacts of the UHI on urban living will be a topic of
the development outline plan. For the implementation into the development outline
plan, fi rst the UHI intensity and hotspots of high thermal stress in the district have
to be known. As a second the effectivity of measures must be analysed to set up the
most valuable ones. Within the pilot action study, the UHI intensity and its impacts
on urban living is analysed using meteorological measurements and micro- and
macro-scale simulation tools. Micro-scale simulation tools are also used to verify
the local effectivity of thermal stress reducing measures. To estimate the potential
of measures for a city wide reduction of the UHI intensity, macro-scale simulation
tools are used.
10.2.1 Pilot Action Area
The pilot action area Stuttgart-West (valley fl oor) is located in a small valley close
to the city centre in the western inner-city region (Fig. 10.5 ). The area is surrounded
by steep hills at three sites (South, West and North). Stuttgart-West is the most
densely populated district in Stuttgart and has a population of about 33,000 and a
10 Pilot Actions in European Cities – Stuttgart
early morning. The monthly maximum UHI Ta occurs in winter in the city center due
to anthropogenic heat production. However, considering hourly averages, the maximum
UHI is experienced in summer. It can be observed that air temperature differences
are largest at nighttime, but the PET differences are highest at daytime. The urban
heat island intensity was compared to the air pressure as well as fl ow patterns. The UHI
is more pronounced during periods with anticyclonic weather situation (Ketterer
and Matzarakis 2014a ).
10.2 Pilot Action Study Stuttgart
In this chapter the pilot action study in Stuttgart is presented. For the pilot action
area the city district Stuttgart-West is chosen. The area was selected in view of a
problematic climatic situation with high thermal stress caused by the structure of
building. An important point for the selection of the area is an initiative launched by
the municipal urban planners for restructuring the district in the next decades.
Expected changes in urban living, the predicted increase in urban population, within
the district existing brownfi elds and also the poor climatic situation are facts for a
necessary restructuring of the district. The objective of the pilot action study is to
fi nd out realisable options for improving the local climatic situation in the district
mainly due to better the air ventilation and the reduction of thermal stress. The
results of these study should be integrated into a development outline plan of the
district, which is under development by the municipal urban planners. In Stuttgart
development outline plans are an established pathbreaking helpful urban planning
tool for the sustainable future development and restructuring of single city districts
weighting residental, economical, public, natural, environmental and climatical
aspects. Reducing the negative impacts of the UHI on urban living will be a topic of
the development outline plan. For the implementation into the development outline
plan, fi rst the UHI intensity and hotspots of high thermal stress in the district have
to be known. As a second the effectivity of measures must be analysed to set up the
most valuable ones. Within the pilot action study, the UHI intensity and its impacts
on urban living is analysed using meteorological measurements and micro- and
macro-scale simulation tools. Micro-scale simulation tools are also used to verify
the local effectivity of thermal stress reducing measures. To estimate the potential
of measures for a city wide reduction of the UHI intensity, macro-scale simulation
tools are used.
10.2.1 Pilot Action Area
The pilot action area Stuttgart-West (valley fl oor) is located in a small valley close
to the city centre in the western inner-city region (Fig. 10.5 ). The area is surrounded
by steep hills at three sites (South, West and North). Stuttgart-West is the most
densely populated district in Stuttgart and has a population of about 33,000 and a
10 Pilot Actions in European Cities – Stuttgart