xxviii
Fig. 10.12
Map based on the analysis of areas with
high thermal stress. The grey shaded blocks
are characterised by high thermal stress mainly
due to a prevented ventilation of the inner area
and due to high building density and
unavailable greening. The grey blocks should
be redesigned according the development outline plan.
The purple surrounded blocks are currently
under reconstruction .......................................................... 298
Fig. 10.13
Optimised building structure, which is offered
to reduce the thermal stress inside the block.
These building structure is part of the development
outline plan is not obligatory for potential
reconstruction of existing blocks, but gives a
reference to improve the local climatic situation.
Gaps between the buildings facilitate the ventilation
of the inner area. The courtyard of the block
(green marked area) is greened. Buildings
inside the blocks (red-green marked) must
be equipped with green roofs and the height of
these buildings is limited. Buildings around
the block (orange marked) should be equipped
with green roofs, but it is not compulsory.
Facades which are orientated to the south
(dark green marked) have to be greened
or designed with cool materials ......................................... 299
Fig. 10.14
Optimised design of street canyons in Stuttgart-West.
Green lines marking street canyons, where the thermal
stress is reduced due to facade greening of the use
of cool materials for facades. Green circles marking
possible positions for trees ................................................. 299
Fig. 10.15
Possible creation of green connections
(green lines) in Stuttgart-West ........................................... 300
Fig. 10.16
Major cold air streams in Stuttgart-West.
The yellow shaded areas mark areas with
restriction to buildings to reduce the obstruction
of existing streams ............................................................. 301
Fig. 11.1
Spatial distribution of UHI-index in Warsaw,
mean values for the years 2011–2012 ................................ 307
Fig. 11.2
Location of the pilot study areas (Twarda, Koło,
Włodarzewska) and peripheral reference
station (Powsin) ................................................................. 308
List of Figures
Fig. 10.12
Map based on the analysis of areas with
high thermal stress. The grey shaded blocks
are characterised by high thermal stress mainly
due to a prevented ventilation of the inner area
and due to high building density and
unavailable greening. The grey blocks should
be redesigned according the development outline plan.
The purple surrounded blocks are currently
under reconstruction .......................................................... 298
Fig. 10.13
Optimised building structure, which is offered
to reduce the thermal stress inside the block.
These building structure is part of the development
outline plan is not obligatory for potential
reconstruction of existing blocks, but gives a
reference to improve the local climatic situation.
Gaps between the buildings facilitate the ventilation
of the inner area. The courtyard of the block
(green marked area) is greened. Buildings
inside the blocks (red-green marked) must
be equipped with green roofs and the height of
these buildings is limited. Buildings around
the block (orange marked) should be equipped
with green roofs, but it is not compulsory.
Facades which are orientated to the south
(dark green marked) have to be greened
or designed with cool materials ......................................... 299
Fig. 10.14
Optimised design of street canyons in Stuttgart-West.
Green lines marking street canyons, where the thermal
stress is reduced due to facade greening of the use
of cool materials for facades. Green circles marking
possible positions for trees ................................................. 299
Fig. 10.15
Possible creation of green connections
(green lines) in Stuttgart-West ........................................... 300
Fig. 10.16
Major cold air streams in Stuttgart-West.
The yellow shaded areas mark areas with
restriction to buildings to reduce the obstruction
of existing streams ............................................................. 301
Fig. 11.1
Spatial distribution of UHI-index in Warsaw,
mean values for the years 2011–2012 ................................ 307
Fig. 11.2
Location of the pilot study areas (Twarda, Koło,
Włodarzewska) and peripheral reference
station (Powsin) ................................................................. 308
List of Figures