xxvii
Fig. 10.1
Topographic map of Stuttgart’s city area and
Stuttgart’s location within Europe ..................................... 283
Fig. 10.2
Land use map of Stuttgart .................................................. 284
Fig. 10.3
Annual mean temperature in Stuttgart.
The city area is marked with a grey line ............................ 285
Fig. 10.4
Annual number of days with high heat
stress in Stuttgart. The city area is marked
with a grey line ................................................................... 286
Fig. 10.5
City map of Stuttgart with the location of
the pilot action area Stuttgart West (red marked area) ...... 288
Fig. 10.6
Airviews of Stuttgart-West, which illustrate the
typical building structure ................................................... 288
Fig. 10.7
UHI classification in Stuttgart-West (left) and
number of days with high thermal stress
in Stuttgart-West (annual mean, right) .............................. 289
Fig. 10.8
Different scenarios for the Olga Hospital site as
input for the micro- climate simulations.
Panel A depicts the current state of the Olga
Hospital (also with green roofs for every building
with flat roofs), Panel B the park scenario,
in Panel C one building is replaced by a small
pond (shallow water) and in Panel C the number
of trees along the streets was increased ............................. 290
Fig. 10.9
Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET)
of different scenarios (see Fig. 10.8) of the Olga
Hospital area. The basic meteorological variables
were simulated by ENVI-met 3.5 and PET was
calculated by TIC- ENVI- met (Ketterer and
Matzarakis 2014b). Finally, the data were
averaged from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. for the height
of 1.5 m above ground ....................................................... 291
Fig. 10.10
Frequency distribution of the Physiologically
Equivalent Temperature (PET) for following
different urban morphology: courtyards,
street canyon with aspect (H/W) ratio of 0.5
and 3.5 and rotation of 90° (E–W) and 345°
(NNE–SSW), under a group of trees and the original
data of the measuring station Schwabenzentrum
(city center) for the period 2000–2010 .............................. 292
Fig. 10.11
Difference in potential 2 m air temperature
for the four scenarios: (a) changed albedo for
roofs and walls, (b) modified proportion street
width/building height and the two urban greening
scenarios with one big park (c) and a number of
smaller parks (d); projected time is August
13 2003 8:00 p.m ............................................................... 295
List of Figures
Fig. 10.1
Topographic map of Stuttgart’s city area and
Stuttgart’s location within Europe ..................................... 283
Fig. 10.2
Land use map of Stuttgart .................................................. 284
Fig. 10.3
Annual mean temperature in Stuttgart.
The city area is marked with a grey line ............................ 285
Fig. 10.4
Annual number of days with high heat
stress in Stuttgart. The city area is marked
with a grey line ................................................................... 286
Fig. 10.5
City map of Stuttgart with the location of
the pilot action area Stuttgart West (red marked area) ...... 288
Fig. 10.6
Airviews of Stuttgart-West, which illustrate the
typical building structure ................................................... 288
Fig. 10.7
UHI classification in Stuttgart-West (left) and
number of days with high thermal stress
in Stuttgart-West (annual mean, right) .............................. 289
Fig. 10.8
Different scenarios for the Olga Hospital site as
input for the micro- climate simulations.
Panel A depicts the current state of the Olga
Hospital (also with green roofs for every building
with flat roofs), Panel B the park scenario,
in Panel C one building is replaced by a small
pond (shallow water) and in Panel C the number
of trees along the streets was increased ............................. 290
Fig. 10.9
Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET)
of different scenarios (see Fig. 10.8) of the Olga
Hospital area. The basic meteorological variables
were simulated by ENVI-met 3.5 and PET was
calculated by TIC- ENVI- met (Ketterer and
Matzarakis 2014b). Finally, the data were
averaged from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. for the height
of 1.5 m above ground ....................................................... 291
Fig. 10.10
Frequency distribution of the Physiologically
Equivalent Temperature (PET) for following
different urban morphology: courtyards,
street canyon with aspect (H/W) ratio of 0.5
and 3.5 and rotation of 90° (E–W) and 345°
(NNE–SSW), under a group of trees and the original
data of the measuring station Schwabenzentrum
(city center) for the period 2000–2010 .............................. 292
Fig. 10.11
Difference in potential 2 m air temperature
for the four scenarios: (a) changed albedo for
roofs and walls, (b) modified proportion street
width/building height and the two urban greening
scenarios with one big park (c) and a number of
smaller parks (d); projected time is August
13 2003 8:00 p.m ............................................................... 295
List of Figures