470
Index
Ion separations, 381-383
Isotopes and chemical atomic weight,
151-152
IUPAC, 105
Joule, 207, 279
Law of mass action, 228-230
Laws of exponents, 8
Laws of logarithms, 14
Least squares
with calculator, 75
method of, 72-75
Le Chateher, principle of, 264
Ligand, 118, 123, 389
Linear equation, 65, 72-75
Linear shape, 121-122, 123, 135, 136, 138, 140
Linear (sp) molecular orbitals, 122, 136, 137138, 139-140
Localized molecular orbitals, 137
Logarithmic graph, 70-71
Logarithms, common, to base 10, 13-15
calculator entry of, 13
conversion to logarithms to base e, 17
interpolation of, in tables, 15
laws of, 14
,
from log tables, 14-15
Logarithms, natural, to base e, 17
conversion to logarithms with base 10, 17
Logarithm tables, 462-463
Lone pair (of electrons), 119, 123
Manometer, 156-157
Mantissa, 14
Mass, conversion to energy, 403
Mass number, 400-401
Maximum work available, 280
Mechanical equivalent of heat, 207
Mercury
density of, 68
expansion of, 158
manometer, 156-157
Metal hydrides, synthesis of, 421
Metal oxides, synthesis of, 420
Meta salts, synthesis of, 420-421
Metathesis reactions, 414
Method of least squares, 72-75
Metric prefixes, 34
Metric units, 34
Molahty, 190-191, 330-333
Molar heat capacity, 205
Molanty, 188-190
Molar volume, gas, 159-160
Mole, 145-146
Molecular equations, balancing, 299-302
Molecular geometries See Molecular shapes
Molecular orbital, 119, 134-135
Molecular orbitals (hybrids), 122, 142
complex ions, 141-142
digonal (sp), 122, 136, 137-138, 139-140
linear (sp), 122, 136, 137-138, 139-140
octahedral (d*sp> or spW), 122, 136, 142
D-antipnsm (d
4 sp
3 ), 122
D-coplanar (dsp
2 ), 142
tetrahedral (sp
3 ), 122, 124, 125, 136
A-bipyramidal (sp^d), 122
A-coplanar (sp
2 ), 122, 136, 137-141
trigonal (sp
2 ), 122, 136, 137-141
Molecular orbitals, pi bonds, 136-141
Molecular orbitals, sigma bonds, 134-135
Molecular shapes, 118-142
angular, 123, 125, 134, 139, 140
dodecahedral, 122
dumbbell, 123
linear, 121-122, 123, 135. 136, 138, 140
octahedral, 122, 127-128, 142
pentagonal bipyramid, 122, 129-130
seesaw, 126-127
D-antiprism, 122, 130-131
D-bipyramid, 122, 127-128, 142
D-coplanar, 121-122, 129
D-coplanar in complex ions, 142
n-pyramid, 128
T.127
tetrahedral, 121-122, 124, 125, 136, 142
A-bipyramid, 122, 125-126
A-coplanar, 121-122, 123, 124, 132-134, 136,
138, 140
A-pyramid, 121-122, 124, 125
Molecular weight
absolute, 145-146
apparent, 162-163
dalton, 145-146
gram, 145-146
relative, 145-146
ton, 177
Molecular weight, determination of
by boiling-point elevation, 331
by freezing-point depression, 331
from gas laws, 161-162
by gas effusion, 166
by osmosis, 333
Mole fraction, 162, 163, 191-192, 328-329
Multiple bonds, 132
calculation of electron pairs for, 119
in pi bonds, 136-141
Names
of acids, 105-107
of acid salts, 109
of bases, 105
of binary compounds, not from acids, 109
of binary nonmetal compounds, 110
of complex ions, 391
Index
Ion separations, 381-383
Isotopes and chemical atomic weight,
151-152
IUPAC, 105
Joule, 207, 279
Law of mass action, 228-230
Laws of exponents, 8
Laws of logarithms, 14
Least squares
with calculator, 75
method of, 72-75
Le Chateher, principle of, 264
Ligand, 118, 123, 389
Linear equation, 65, 72-75
Linear shape, 121-122, 123, 135, 136, 138, 140
Linear (sp) molecular orbitals, 122, 136, 137138, 139-140
Localized molecular orbitals, 137
Logarithmic graph, 70-71
Logarithms, common, to base 10, 13-15
calculator entry of, 13
conversion to logarithms to base e, 17
interpolation of, in tables, 15
laws of, 14
,
from log tables, 14-15
Logarithms, natural, to base e, 17
conversion to logarithms with base 10, 17
Logarithm tables, 462-463
Lone pair (of electrons), 119, 123
Manometer, 156-157
Mantissa, 14
Mass, conversion to energy, 403
Mass number, 400-401
Maximum work available, 280
Mechanical equivalent of heat, 207
Mercury
density of, 68
expansion of, 158
manometer, 156-157
Metal hydrides, synthesis of, 421
Metal oxides, synthesis of, 420
Meta salts, synthesis of, 420-421
Metathesis reactions, 414
Method of least squares, 72-75
Metric prefixes, 34
Metric units, 34
Molahty, 190-191, 330-333
Molar heat capacity, 205
Molanty, 188-190
Molar volume, gas, 159-160
Mole, 145-146
Molecular equations, balancing, 299-302
Molecular geometries See Molecular shapes
Molecular orbital, 119, 134-135
Molecular orbitals (hybrids), 122, 142
complex ions, 141-142
digonal (sp), 122, 136, 137-138, 139-140
linear (sp), 122, 136, 137-138, 139-140
octahedral (d*sp> or spW), 122, 136, 142
D-antipnsm (d
4 sp
3 ), 122
D-coplanar (dsp
2 ), 142
tetrahedral (sp
3 ), 122, 124, 125, 136
A-bipyramidal (sp^d), 122
A-coplanar (sp
2 ), 122, 136, 137-141
trigonal (sp
2 ), 122, 136, 137-141
Molecular orbitals, pi bonds, 136-141
Molecular orbitals, sigma bonds, 134-135
Molecular shapes, 118-142
angular, 123, 125, 134, 139, 140
dodecahedral, 122
dumbbell, 123
linear, 121-122, 123, 135. 136, 138, 140
octahedral, 122, 127-128, 142
pentagonal bipyramid, 122, 129-130
seesaw, 126-127
D-antiprism, 122, 130-131
D-bipyramid, 122, 127-128, 142
D-coplanar, 121-122, 129
D-coplanar in complex ions, 142
n-pyramid, 128
T.127
tetrahedral, 121-122, 124, 125, 136, 142
A-bipyramid, 122, 125-126
A-coplanar, 121-122, 123, 124, 132-134, 136,
138, 140
A-pyramid, 121-122, 124, 125
Molecular weight
absolute, 145-146
apparent, 162-163
dalton, 145-146
gram, 145-146
relative, 145-146
ton, 177
Molecular weight, determination of
by boiling-point elevation, 331
by freezing-point depression, 331
from gas laws, 161-162
by gas effusion, 166
by osmosis, 333
Mole fraction, 162, 163, 191-192, 328-329
Multiple bonds, 132
calculation of electron pairs for, 119
in pi bonds, 136-141
Names
of acids, 105-107
of acid salts, 109
of bases, 105
of binary compounds, not from acids, 109
of binary nonmetal compounds, 110
of complex ions, 391