Anamalamudi, Sangi, Alkatheiri, Bin Muhaya, and Liu
146
they wish (anyhow). This clearly depicts that 5G networks should be able to support
radio communications for some special scenarios that are not supported by current
4G networks (e.g. for high‐speed train users). The basic idea of designing the 5G cellular
architecture is to separate outdoor and indoor scenarios, so that signal penetration loss
through building walls can be avoided. This will be served by distributed antenna system
(DAS) and massive MIMO technology, where geographically distributed antenna arrays
with tens or hundreds of antenna elements are deployed [9]. Even though most of the
current MIMO systems utilize two to four antennas, the main goal of the massive
MIMO system is to exploit the potentially large capacity gains that will arise with larger
arrays of antennas.
Outdoor Base Stations (BSs) can be equipped with large antenna arrays, with some
antenna elements distributed around the cell and connected to the base station through
optical fibers, benefiting from both DAS and massive MIMO technologies. Outdoor
mobile users are generally equipped with a limited number of antenna elements.
However, they can collaborate with each other to form a virtual large antenna array,
which together with base station antenna arrays will construct virtual massive MIMO
links. Large antenna arrays can also be installed outside every building to communicate
with the outdoor base station or distributed antenna elements of the base station,
possibly with line‐of‐sight (LoS) components. Large antenna arrays will have cables
connected to the wireless access points inside the building communicating with indoor
users. This can surely increase the infrastructure cost in the short term, while significantly improving the cell average throughput, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and
data rate of the cellular system over the longer duration.
Security is a prime consideration when planning, designing, deploying and managing a network infrastructure. Design of Wireless LANs with heterogeneous network
interoperability present a unique set of challenges to IT and security professionals.
In addition, problems like non‐secure wireless LANs can expose an organization’s
network traffic and resources to unauthorized outsiders. Such intruders may capture
data and exploit network‐based resources in wireless Internet access. Moreover,
high‐speed wireless access to a backbone network can represent the entry point for
various types of attacks, which can crash an entire network and render services unavailable. Security design for interoperable heterogeneous networks is more crucial to
provide uninterrupted anywhere (wireless), everywhere (seamless) and anything
(IoT) services through 5G networks. When designing 5G networks with short‐range
WiFi connectivity, architectural considerations must be accompanied by respective
security considerations, and such security considerations are expected to influence
architectural decisions. This chapter proposes a security‐based architectural model
for short‐range wireless networks (WiFi) and high‐speed backbone wireless networks
(5G networks).
7.3 Overview of Network Architecture for WiFi‐5G
Networks Interoperability
Interoperability of wireless networks and cellular networks [8] can be incorporated at
multiple levels into the network protocol stack of the mobile device’s operating system,
as explained below.
146
they wish (anyhow). This clearly depicts that 5G networks should be able to support
radio communications for some special scenarios that are not supported by current
4G networks (e.g. for high‐speed train users). The basic idea of designing the 5G cellular
architecture is to separate outdoor and indoor scenarios, so that signal penetration loss
through building walls can be avoided. This will be served by distributed antenna system
(DAS) and massive MIMO technology, where geographically distributed antenna arrays
with tens or hundreds of antenna elements are deployed [9]. Even though most of the
current MIMO systems utilize two to four antennas, the main goal of the massive
MIMO system is to exploit the potentially large capacity gains that will arise with larger
arrays of antennas.
Outdoor Base Stations (BSs) can be equipped with large antenna arrays, with some
antenna elements distributed around the cell and connected to the base station through
optical fibers, benefiting from both DAS and massive MIMO technologies. Outdoor
mobile users are generally equipped with a limited number of antenna elements.
However, they can collaborate with each other to form a virtual large antenna array,
which together with base station antenna arrays will construct virtual massive MIMO
links. Large antenna arrays can also be installed outside every building to communicate
with the outdoor base station or distributed antenna elements of the base station,
possibly with line‐of‐sight (LoS) components. Large antenna arrays will have cables
connected to the wireless access points inside the building communicating with indoor
users. This can surely increase the infrastructure cost in the short term, while significantly improving the cell average throughput, spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and
data rate of the cellular system over the longer duration.
Security is a prime consideration when planning, designing, deploying and managing a network infrastructure. Design of Wireless LANs with heterogeneous network
interoperability present a unique set of challenges to IT and security professionals.
In addition, problems like non‐secure wireless LANs can expose an organization’s
network traffic and resources to unauthorized outsiders. Such intruders may capture
data and exploit network‐based resources in wireless Internet access. Moreover,
high‐speed wireless access to a backbone network can represent the entry point for
various types of attacks, which can crash an entire network and render services unavailable. Security design for interoperable heterogeneous networks is more crucial to
provide uninterrupted anywhere (wireless), everywhere (seamless) and anything
(IoT) services through 5G networks. When designing 5G networks with short‐range
WiFi connectivity, architectural considerations must be accompanied by respective
security considerations, and such security considerations are expected to influence
architectural decisions. This chapter proposes a security‐based architectural model
for short‐range wireless networks (WiFi) and high‐speed backbone wireless networks
(5G networks).
7.3 Overview of Network Architecture for WiFi‐5G
Networks Interoperability
Interoperability of wireless networks and cellular networks [8] can be incorporated at
multiple levels into the network protocol stack of the mobile device’s operating system,
as explained below.