Cyber Security Business Models in 5G 111
● Roaming Carrier: An operator that serves the user when outside the user’s home
carrier network.
● Edge Network: Infrastructure to support the user with data and services, when user
data from the IT cloud needs to be processed locally.
● Radio Access: The 5G radio infrastructure that provides radio coverage and
connectivity to the carrier network; different type of radio access technologies in 5G
will include LTE, WiFi, narrowband IoT and new radio.
● M2M Gateway: A 5G device that connects with 5G radio infrastructure, and provides
aggregation functions for IoT sensors over low‐power, low‐distance radio.
● Radio Terminals: A 5G device with which a human user connects with using 5G radio
infrastructure.
● IoT Sensors: A low‐power device that connects with the M2M gateway and provides
connectivity for IoT devices/machines.
● Cloud: A computing entity that delivers hosted services over the network to users,
both human and device/machine users.
● Interconnect: A technical structure and the related processes that allow carriers to
transmit/receive traffic to/from other carriers.
Additionally, in Figure 5.6 we use numbers to denote different communication
locations where security will be needed. Number 1 denotes the need for security
from IoT sensors to the M2M gateway. Number 2 denotes secure connectivity from
user radio terminals or the M2M gateway, or an individual sensor having the capacity of radio access. In number 3, we consider the need for security between radio
access and the operator. Number 4 denotes the security need for the Mobile
EDGE network. Numbers 5A and 5B denote secure connectivity between multiple
carriers through an interconnection. Number 5A specifically marks security for
signalling and 5B specifies the need for payload transferral. Lastly, number 6 marks
secured communication between carriers and IT clouds. We included both a
public IT cloud and private IT cloud, due to the fact that in practice there can be
a few aspects of security that needs to be stressed when choosing either a private
or public cloud.
Combining the security provisioning scenarios in Figure 5.5 with the security
arrangements in Figure 5.6, gives us an idea of which sort of security provisioning is
required and where security features are needed. This ideation can help identifying
different business model options for business entities in the future. Utilizing this conceptualization, we can go forward to identify different business model options for
cyber security in 5G.
Table 5.2 The security needs for different scenarios.
Provisioning scenario
Security need location
Device‐driven security
1 + 2
Location‐driven security
3 + 4
Platform‐driven security
1 + 2 + 6
Network infrastructure‐driven security
5A + 5B + 6
● Roaming Carrier: An operator that serves the user when outside the user’s home
carrier network.
● Edge Network: Infrastructure to support the user with data and services, when user
data from the IT cloud needs to be processed locally.
● Radio Access: The 5G radio infrastructure that provides radio coverage and
connectivity to the carrier network; different type of radio access technologies in 5G
will include LTE, WiFi, narrowband IoT and new radio.
● M2M Gateway: A 5G device that connects with 5G radio infrastructure, and provides
aggregation functions for IoT sensors over low‐power, low‐distance radio.
● Radio Terminals: A 5G device with which a human user connects with using 5G radio
infrastructure.
● IoT Sensors: A low‐power device that connects with the M2M gateway and provides
connectivity for IoT devices/machines.
● Cloud: A computing entity that delivers hosted services over the network to users,
both human and device/machine users.
● Interconnect: A technical structure and the related processes that allow carriers to
transmit/receive traffic to/from other carriers.
Additionally, in Figure 5.6 we use numbers to denote different communication
locations where security will be needed. Number 1 denotes the need for security
from IoT sensors to the M2M gateway. Number 2 denotes secure connectivity from
user radio terminals or the M2M gateway, or an individual sensor having the capacity of radio access. In number 3, we consider the need for security between radio
access and the operator. Number 4 denotes the security need for the Mobile
EDGE network. Numbers 5A and 5B denote secure connectivity between multiple
carriers through an interconnection. Number 5A specifically marks security for
signalling and 5B specifies the need for payload transferral. Lastly, number 6 marks
secured communication between carriers and IT clouds. We included both a
public IT cloud and private IT cloud, due to the fact that in practice there can be
a few aspects of security that needs to be stressed when choosing either a private
or public cloud.
Combining the security provisioning scenarios in Figure 5.5 with the security
arrangements in Figure 5.6, gives us an idea of which sort of security provisioning is
required and where security features are needed. This ideation can help identifying
different business model options for business entities in the future. Utilizing this conceptualization, we can go forward to identify different business model options for
cyber security in 5G.
Table 5.2 The security needs for different scenarios.
Provisioning scenario
Security need location
Device‐driven security
1 + 2
Location‐driven security
3 + 4
Platform‐driven security
1 + 2 + 6
Network infrastructure‐driven security
5A + 5B + 6