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V. Anitha et al.
2.5.1 Effect of pH
A set of experiments were performed at varying level of pH ranging from acidic to
alkaline conditions by taking 100 ppm of Nickel chloride solution. The varying range
of pH was obtained by adding 0.1 N HCl or NaOH solutions to which 0.1 g of adsorbent was added. Agitation was given using an orbital shaker at 120 rpm for 45mins
and the sample was analyzed spectrophotometrically at 450 nm (Vijayaragavan et al.
2008).
2.5.2 Effect of Contact Time
Adjusting the pH to 6.5 by using 0.1 N HCl or NaOH solutions, effect of contact time
on Ni adsorption was studied using 100 ppm Ni solution to which 0.1 g of adsorbent
was added, and adsorbance was obtained with samples taken at different intervals of
time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 mins).
2.5.3 Effect of rpm
The effect of rpm studies was conducted at different rpm levels (100, 120, 140,160,
180 rpm) by optimizing the pH at 6.5 for the time period of 60 min. The samples are
filtered to remove the adsorbent and OD readings are obtained at 450 nm.
2.5.4 Effect of Adsorbent Dosage Concentration
Varying concentrations of adsorbent (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 g) was added to 50 ml of
100 ppm Ni solutions. The pH of the sample was adjusted to 6.5 and kept in a shaker
at 160 rpm for 60 min. The samples were filtered and spectrophotometrically read
at 450 nm.
2.5.5 Effect of Initial Metal Ion Concentration
Varying the concentration of Ni(II) ions (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm) was prepared
to which 0.1 g of adsorbent was added and the experiments were performed under
optimized conditions. The samples are filtered to remove the adsorbent and read
spectrometrically at 450 nm.
V. Anitha et al.
2.5.1 Effect of pH
A set of experiments were performed at varying level of pH ranging from acidic to
alkaline conditions by taking 100 ppm of Nickel chloride solution. The varying range
of pH was obtained by adding 0.1 N HCl or NaOH solutions to which 0.1 g of adsorbent was added. Agitation was given using an orbital shaker at 120 rpm for 45mins
and the sample was analyzed spectrophotometrically at 450 nm (Vijayaragavan et al.
2008).
2.5.2 Effect of Contact Time
Adjusting the pH to 6.5 by using 0.1 N HCl or NaOH solutions, effect of contact time
on Ni adsorption was studied using 100 ppm Ni solution to which 0.1 g of adsorbent
was added, and adsorbance was obtained with samples taken at different intervals of
time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 mins).
2.5.3 Effect of rpm
The effect of rpm studies was conducted at different rpm levels (100, 120, 140,160,
180 rpm) by optimizing the pH at 6.5 for the time period of 60 min. The samples are
filtered to remove the adsorbent and OD readings are obtained at 450 nm.
2.5.4 Effect of Adsorbent Dosage Concentration
Varying concentrations of adsorbent (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 g) was added to 50 ml of
100 ppm Ni solutions. The pH of the sample was adjusted to 6.5 and kept in a shaker
at 160 rpm for 60 min. The samples were filtered and spectrophotometrically read
at 450 nm.
2.5.5 Effect of Initial Metal Ion Concentration
Varying the concentration of Ni(II) ions (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm) was prepared
to which 0.1 g of adsorbent was added and the experiments were performed under
optimized conditions. The samples are filtered to remove the adsorbent and read
spectrometrically at 450 nm.