18
K. KirupaSree et al.
Table 1
(continued)
Metal
Source
Effects on plants
Effects on microbes Host plant
PGPR involved in
phytoremediation
References
Cadmium
Fertilizer, mining,
pesticide, plastic,
refining, welding
Chlorosis, decrease in
plant nutrient content,
growth inhibition,
reduced seed
germination
Damage nucleic
acid, denature
protein, inhibit cell
division and
transcription,
inhibits carbon and
nitrogen
mineralization
Brassica Juncea,
Brassica napus
Variovox paradoxus,
Rhodococcus
sp., Xanthomonas
sp. RJ3, Azomonas
sp. RJ4,
Pseudomonas
sp. RJ10, Bacillus
sp. RJ31
Belimov et al.
(2005), Sheng and
Xia (2006)
Copper
Copper polishing,
mining, paint,
plating, printing
operations
Chlorosis, oxidative
stress, retard growth
Disrupt cellular
function, inhibit
enzyme activities
Brassica Juncea, Cicer
arietinum, Brassica
nigra
Bacillus
sp.
PSB10, Achromobacter
xylosoxidans
Strain Ax10, Bacillus
sp.
PSB10, Microbacterium
sp.
CE3R2,
Curtobacterium
sp. NM1R1
Ma et al. (2009),
Wani and Khan
(2010),
Román-Ponce et al.
(2017)
Mercury
Batteries, coal
combustion,
geothermal
activities, mining,
paint industries,
paper industry,
volcanic eruption,
weathering of rocks
Affects antioxidative
system, affects
photosynthesis,
enhance lipid
peroxidation, induced
genotoxic effect,
inhibit plant growth,
yield, nutrient uptake
and homeostasis,
oxidative stress
Decrease population
size, denature
protein, disrupt cell
membrane, inhibits
enzyme function
Triticumaestivum
Enterobacterludwigii, Klebsiella
pneumoniae
Gontia-Mishra et al.
(2016)
(continued)