Insights into the Status of Heavy Metal Resistant Rhizobacterial …
19
Table 1
(continued)
Metal
Source
Effects on plants
Effects on microbes Host plant
PGPR involved in
phytoremediation
References
Lead
Coal combustion,
electroplating,
manufacturing of
batteries, mining,
paint, pigments
Affects
photosynthesis and
growth, chlorosis,
inhibit enzyme
activities and seed
germination,
oxidative stress
Denatures nucleic
acid and protein,
inhibits enzymes
activities and
transcription
Brassica Juncea,
Azotobacter chroococcum
HKN-5,
Bacillus megaterium
HKP-1,
Bacillus mucillaginosus
HKK
Wu et al. (2006)
Nickel
Electroplating,
non-ferrous metal,
paints, por
Decrease chlorophyll
content, inhibit
Enzyme activities
and growth, reduced
Oryzasativa, Brassica
juncea
Bacillus licheniformis
NCCP-59,
Bacillus subtilis
SJ-101
Jamil et al. (2014),
Zaidi et al. (2006)
Thallium
Cement production,
combustion of fossil
fuels, metal
smelting, oil refining
Inhibits enzyme
activities, reduced
growth
Damages DNA,
inhibits enzyme
activities and
growth
Not yet reported
Not yet reported
Blais et al. (2008)
and Babula et al.
(2008)
Selenium
Coal combustion,
mining
Alteration of protein
properties, reduction
of plant biomass
Inhibits growth rate Not yet reported
Not yet reported
Dixit et al. (2015)
and Germ et al.
(2007)
Zinc
Brass
manufacturing,
mining, oil refinery,
plumbing
Affects
photosynthesis,
inhibits growth rate,
reduced chlorophyll
content, germination
rate and plant
biomass
Death, decrease in
biomass, inhibits
growth
Brassica juncea
Bacillus megaterium
HKP-1,
Bacillus mucillaginosus
HKK
Wu et al. (2006)
19
Table 1
(continued)
Metal
Source
Effects on plants
Effects on microbes Host plant
PGPR involved in
phytoremediation
References
Lead
Coal combustion,
electroplating,
manufacturing of
batteries, mining,
paint, pigments
Affects
photosynthesis and
growth, chlorosis,
inhibit enzyme
activities and seed
germination,
oxidative stress
Denatures nucleic
acid and protein,
inhibits enzymes
activities and
transcription
Brassica Juncea,
Azotobacter chroococcum
HKN-5,
Bacillus megaterium
HKP-1,
Bacillus mucillaginosus
HKK
Wu et al. (2006)
Nickel
Electroplating,
non-ferrous metal,
paints, por
Decrease chlorophyll
content, inhibit
Enzyme activities
and growth, reduced
Oryzasativa, Brassica
juncea
Bacillus licheniformis
NCCP-59,
Bacillus subtilis
SJ-101
Jamil et al. (2014),
Zaidi et al. (2006)
Thallium
Cement production,
combustion of fossil
fuels, metal
smelting, oil refining
Inhibits enzyme
activities, reduced
growth
Damages DNA,
inhibits enzyme
activities and
growth
Not yet reported
Not yet reported
Blais et al. (2008)
and Babula et al.
(2008)
Selenium
Coal combustion,
mining
Alteration of protein
properties, reduction
of plant biomass
Inhibits growth rate Not yet reported
Not yet reported
Dixit et al. (2015)
and Germ et al.
(2007)
Zinc
Brass
manufacturing,
mining, oil refinery,
plumbing
Affects
photosynthesis,
inhibits growth rate,
reduced chlorophyll
content, germination
rate and plant
biomass
Death, decrease in
biomass, inhibits
growth
Brassica juncea
Bacillus megaterium
HKP-1,
Bacillus mucillaginosus
HKK
Wu et al. (2006)