Influence of Sugar Mill Effluent on Germination and Growth …
277
Table 3 Shoot length and root length of fenugreek and mustard grown under different concentration
of sugar mill effluent (Mean ± dev)
Effluent
concentrations
(%)
Fenugreek
Mustard
Root length (cm) Shoot length (cm) Root length (cm) Shoot length (cm)
Control
5.98 ± 1.05
32.14 ± 1.16
9.72 ± 1.13
36.06 ± 0.71
10%
6.12 ± 0.56
37.98 ± 4.94
9.82 ± 0.64
43.75 ± 1.15
25%
5.64 ± 0.92
30.46 ± 0.58
9.71 ± 1.04
39.98 ± 1.02
50%
5.18 ± 0.78
26.96 ± 1.45
9.62 ± 0.69
35.12 ± 0.93
75%
3.78 ± 1.26
25.68 ± 1.18
10.1 ± 0.57
32.64 ± 1.14
100%
1.04 ± 0.58
1.52 ± 0.19
8.4 ± 0.27
0.95 ± 0.14
Table 4 Fresh weight and Dry weight of fenugreek and mustard grown under different
concentration of sugar mill effluent
Effluent
concentrations
(%)
Fenugreek
Mustard
Fresh weight (gm) Dry weight (gm) Fresh weight (gm) Dry Weight (gm)
Control
0.831
0.164
0.112
0.050
10%
0.865
0.172
0.164
0.080
25%
0.745
0.145
0.081
0.090
50%
0.658
0.132
0.123
0.070
75%
0.625
0.157
0.101
0.060
100%
0.595
0.128
0.120
0.050
and the lowest shoot length (1.04 cm/seedling), root length (1.52 cm/seedling), fresh
weight (0.595 mg/seedling) and dry weight (0.128 mg/seedling) were observed in
higher concentration (100%) of sugar mill effluent (Tables 3 and 4).
The mustard seed is grown under different absorption of sugar mill
effluent of lowest concentration 10% of shoot length (36.06 cm/seedling), root
length (9.72 cm/seedling), fresh weight (0.164 gm/seedling), and dry weight
(0.080 mg/seedling) were observed 10% concentration. The lowest of shoot length
(1.04 cm/seedling), root length (1.52 cm/seedling), fresh weight (0.595 mg/seedling)
and dry weight (0.128 mg/seedling) were observed in higher concentration (100%)
of sugar mill effluent. The presence of various pollutants in lower concentrations of
sugar mill effluent (at 10%) has increased the growth and development (Lakshmi and
Sundaramoorthy 2000; Saxena and Madan 2012; Ali et al. 2012; Malik et al. 2014).
The high concentrations of sugar mill effluent inhibited the root and shoot length
of seedlings. It limits a higher amount of dissolved solids and suspended solids to
percolate, interfere, and reduced the absorption of some other nutrients. The interference of heavy metals decreases the root and shoot length of the plants. And might
be due to the involvement of physiological processes of plant and it also occupies
in inhibition of enzyme activities. And affects the nutrition, water difference and
277
Table 3 Shoot length and root length of fenugreek and mustard grown under different concentration
of sugar mill effluent (Mean ± dev)
Effluent
concentrations
(%)
Fenugreek
Mustard
Root length (cm) Shoot length (cm) Root length (cm) Shoot length (cm)
Control
5.98 ± 1.05
32.14 ± 1.16
9.72 ± 1.13
36.06 ± 0.71
10%
6.12 ± 0.56
37.98 ± 4.94
9.82 ± 0.64
43.75 ± 1.15
25%
5.64 ± 0.92
30.46 ± 0.58
9.71 ± 1.04
39.98 ± 1.02
50%
5.18 ± 0.78
26.96 ± 1.45
9.62 ± 0.69
35.12 ± 0.93
75%
3.78 ± 1.26
25.68 ± 1.18
10.1 ± 0.57
32.64 ± 1.14
100%
1.04 ± 0.58
1.52 ± 0.19
8.4 ± 0.27
0.95 ± 0.14
Table 4 Fresh weight and Dry weight of fenugreek and mustard grown under different
concentration of sugar mill effluent
Effluent
concentrations
(%)
Fenugreek
Mustard
Fresh weight (gm) Dry weight (gm) Fresh weight (gm) Dry Weight (gm)
Control
0.831
0.164
0.112
0.050
10%
0.865
0.172
0.164
0.080
25%
0.745
0.145
0.081
0.090
50%
0.658
0.132
0.123
0.070
75%
0.625
0.157
0.101
0.060
100%
0.595
0.128
0.120
0.050
and the lowest shoot length (1.04 cm/seedling), root length (1.52 cm/seedling), fresh
weight (0.595 mg/seedling) and dry weight (0.128 mg/seedling) were observed in
higher concentration (100%) of sugar mill effluent (Tables 3 and 4).
The mustard seed is grown under different absorption of sugar mill
effluent of lowest concentration 10% of shoot length (36.06 cm/seedling), root
length (9.72 cm/seedling), fresh weight (0.164 gm/seedling), and dry weight
(0.080 mg/seedling) were observed 10% concentration. The lowest of shoot length
(1.04 cm/seedling), root length (1.52 cm/seedling), fresh weight (0.595 mg/seedling)
and dry weight (0.128 mg/seedling) were observed in higher concentration (100%)
of sugar mill effluent. The presence of various pollutants in lower concentrations of
sugar mill effluent (at 10%) has increased the growth and development (Lakshmi and
Sundaramoorthy 2000; Saxena and Madan 2012; Ali et al. 2012; Malik et al. 2014).
The high concentrations of sugar mill effluent inhibited the root and shoot length
of seedlings. It limits a higher amount of dissolved solids and suspended solids to
percolate, interfere, and reduced the absorption of some other nutrients. The interference of heavy metals decreases the root and shoot length of the plants. And might
be due to the involvement of physiological processes of plant and it also occupies
in inhibition of enzyme activities. And affects the nutrition, water difference and