The Implementation of the SD Programs for Management …
513
Table 6 Comparison of the environmental management standards
Europe
Russia
Belarus
Eco-management and audit
scheme (EMAS) ISO
14001:2015
GOST R ISO
14001:2016—environmental
management systems
STB ISO
14001:2017—environmental
management systems
Similarities
All standards are aimed at the implementation of the environmental management systems of
enterprises (organizations) and use identical stages
Differences
1. To get an EMAS certification, the organization must develop the environmental management
system in accordance with ISO 14001
2. The organization must present an environmental statement to get EMAS certification
3.8 Natural Resource Accounting
Sustainable economic development requires consideration of economic, social and
environmental factors. Since the last decade of the twentieth century, there is a need
for statistical data reflecting the state of the natural environment and its impact on
society. At the same time, statistics are required to reflect the impact of ecosystems
in the economy.
In the document of Agenda 21 (1992), adopted in Rio de Janeiro, the topics “Integrating Environment and Development in Decision Making” (Chap. 8) and “Conservation and Rational Use of Resources for Development” (Sect. 2) were defined as
main development priorities.
Ecosystems relate to renewable natural capital. They can process ecosystem products, such as wood, as well as reverse ecosystem services, such as carbon dioxide
absorption. Examples of non-renewable capital are fossil fuels and mineral resources.
The ecosystem is defined as a dynamic complex of communities of plants, animals
and microorganisms and an inanimate environment interacting as a functional unit
(Biodiversity Information System for Europe n.d.). People are an integral part of
ecosystems.
The EU addresses the definition of ecosystem services, as well as approaches
for their assessment and accounting. In accordance with these approaches to the
definition, assessment, and accounting of ecosystem service, students must give an
answer to the following questions:
1. What ecosystem services are presented in Russia and Belarus?
2. What legislation governs ecosystem services in Russia and Belarus?
3. What biodiversity measures have been taken?
513
Table 6 Comparison of the environmental management standards
Europe
Russia
Belarus
Eco-management and audit
scheme (EMAS) ISO
14001:2015
GOST R ISO
14001:2016—environmental
management systems
STB ISO
14001:2017—environmental
management systems
Similarities
All standards are aimed at the implementation of the environmental management systems of
enterprises (organizations) and use identical stages
Differences
1. To get an EMAS certification, the organization must develop the environmental management
system in accordance with ISO 14001
2. The organization must present an environmental statement to get EMAS certification
3.8 Natural Resource Accounting
Sustainable economic development requires consideration of economic, social and
environmental factors. Since the last decade of the twentieth century, there is a need
for statistical data reflecting the state of the natural environment and its impact on
society. At the same time, statistics are required to reflect the impact of ecosystems
in the economy.
In the document of Agenda 21 (1992), adopted in Rio de Janeiro, the topics “Integrating Environment and Development in Decision Making” (Chap. 8) and “Conservation and Rational Use of Resources for Development” (Sect. 2) were defined as
main development priorities.
Ecosystems relate to renewable natural capital. They can process ecosystem products, such as wood, as well as reverse ecosystem services, such as carbon dioxide
absorption. Examples of non-renewable capital are fossil fuels and mineral resources.
The ecosystem is defined as a dynamic complex of communities of plants, animals
and microorganisms and an inanimate environment interacting as a functional unit
(Biodiversity Information System for Europe n.d.). People are an integral part of
ecosystems.
The EU addresses the definition of ecosystem services, as well as approaches
for their assessment and accounting. In accordance with these approaches to the
definition, assessment, and accounting of ecosystem service, students must give an
answer to the following questions:
1. What ecosystem services are presented in Russia and Belarus?
2. What legislation governs ecosystem services in Russia and Belarus?
3. What biodiversity measures have been taken?