Ecological Footprint Assessment …
55
Table 2 Per capita raw
material for food preparations
in India
Food goods
Annual consumption
Annual EF (gha)
Cereals
111.36 kg
0.117
Pulses
10.8 kg
0.039
Vegetables
100.8 kg
0.157
Beef
0.72 kg
0.011
Mutton
0.96 kg
0.006
Milk
64.8 L
0.062
Fish
3.024 kg
0.030
Fruits
7.848 kg
0.047
Edible oil
10.2 L
0.023
Wood
51.6 kg
0.028
LPG
22.8 kg
0.025
Kerosene
4.8 L
0.004
into account, which can be obtained from the attendance sheet of the labours. To estimate the ecological footprint of the labour-hour, the metabolic energy requirements
of the labour during working are taken into account along with the total energy intake
using Eq. 7. It is estimated that during work hours, 155.3 kcal/h of energy is required
[18]. Also, the daily energy intake of an individual in India is 2400 kcal/day [5]. The
food consumption and their ecological footprints are calculated by [10]. These are
showcased in Table 2.
The ecological footprint of labour-hour is calculated as
EF M =
E f
E d
∗
1
365
∗
C i
Y i
∗ γ i
+
C f j ∗ λ f j
∗
(1 − L oc )
L f
∗ γ CO2
(7)
where E h is the energy required during one hour of work (kcal), E d is the energy
consumed in a day (kcal), C i is the amount of ith food material consumed by a person
in one year (kg/year), Y i is the yield of ith food material (kg/ha), γ i is cropland
conversion factor (=2.32), C fj is the consumption of jth fuel for cooking (kg/year or
L/year), λ f j is the emission of jth fuel (kgCO 2 /kg or kgCO 2 /L).
2.1.4 Ecological Footprint of Transportation (e T )
Transportation involves movement of raw material from the supplying industry to
the identified industry, paper waste transportation from the industry to recycling
plant and transportation of manpower. Generally, raw materials and waste paper are
transported by heavy-duty trucks. The ecological footprint of material transport can
be calculated by Eq. 8 [10]:
55
Table 2 Per capita raw
material for food preparations
in India
Food goods
Annual consumption
Annual EF (gha)
Cereals
111.36 kg
0.117
Pulses
10.8 kg
0.039
Vegetables
100.8 kg
0.157
Beef
0.72 kg
0.011
Mutton
0.96 kg
0.006
Milk
64.8 L
0.062
Fish
3.024 kg
0.030
Fruits
7.848 kg
0.047
Edible oil
10.2 L
0.023
Wood
51.6 kg
0.028
LPG
22.8 kg
0.025
Kerosene
4.8 L
0.004
into account, which can be obtained from the attendance sheet of the labours. To estimate the ecological footprint of the labour-hour, the metabolic energy requirements
of the labour during working are taken into account along with the total energy intake
using Eq. 7. It is estimated that during work hours, 155.3 kcal/h of energy is required
[18]. Also, the daily energy intake of an individual in India is 2400 kcal/day [5]. The
food consumption and their ecological footprints are calculated by [10]. These are
showcased in Table 2.
The ecological footprint of labour-hour is calculated as
EF M =
E f
E d
∗
1
365
∗
C i
Y i
∗ γ i
+
C f j ∗ λ f j
∗
(1 − L oc )
L f
∗ γ CO2
(7)
where E h is the energy required during one hour of work (kcal), E d is the energy
consumed in a day (kcal), C i is the amount of ith food material consumed by a person
in one year (kg/year), Y i is the yield of ith food material (kg/ha), γ i is cropland
conversion factor (=2.32), C fj is the consumption of jth fuel for cooking (kg/year or
L/year), λ f j is the emission of jth fuel (kgCO 2 /kg or kgCO 2 /L).
2.1.4 Ecological Footprint of Transportation (e T )
Transportation involves movement of raw material from the supplying industry to
the identified industry, paper waste transportation from the industry to recycling
plant and transportation of manpower. Generally, raw materials and waste paper are
transported by heavy-duty trucks. The ecological footprint of material transport can
be calculated by Eq. 8 [10]: