56
V. Nawandar et al.
EF T =
W j ∗ D j
T HDT
+
W i ∗ D i
T HDT
∗ η HDT ∗ λ f
(1 − L oc )
L f
∗ γ CO2
(8)
where W j is the weight of jth raw material transported (ton), D j is the average
distance of transportation of jth raw material (km), W i is the weight of ith waste
material transported for recycling (ton), D i is the average distance of transportation
of ith waste material (km), T HDT (11 ton) is capacity of heavy-duty truck, η HDT
(0.222 kg/km) is fuel economy [2].
Half of the labour lives within the premises of industry, while the other half would
travel from nearby areas. Thus, the travel impact of labour is of negligible significance
in this study.
2.1.5 Ecological Footprint of Water
Water is supplied by Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC),
Khamgaon. It is consumed for making gum and other human needs. The usage
of water is considered for processing only. The ecological footprint of water can be
calculated using Eq. 9 [4]:
EF w = C w .
E w · α e ·
(1 − A oc )
A f
e CO 2 land
(9)
where C w is total water use during all phases of RSPV system (m
3 ); E w is electricity
consumption (kWh/m
3 ); α e is emission factor of electricity.
2.1.6 Ecological Footprint of Land (E L )
The direct land used by the industry for carrying out manufacturing processes is the
built-up land. The ecological footprint of direct land is calculated for the period of
60 years considering the life of the industry, according to Eq. 10.
EF L =
A
60 ∗ P A
∗ γ BL
(9)
where EF L is the ecological footprint per ton of product (gha/ton), A is the area of
built-up land (ha), P A is average annual production output of all products (ton), γ BL
is the conversion factor of built-up land.
V. Nawandar et al.
EF T =
W j ∗ D j
T HDT
+
W i ∗ D i
T HDT
∗ η HDT ∗ λ f
(1 − L oc )
L f
∗ γ CO2
(8)
where W j is the weight of jth raw material transported (ton), D j is the average
distance of transportation of jth raw material (km), W i is the weight of ith waste
material transported for recycling (ton), D i is the average distance of transportation
of ith waste material (km), T HDT (11 ton) is capacity of heavy-duty truck, η HDT
(0.222 kg/km) is fuel economy [2].
Half of the labour lives within the premises of industry, while the other half would
travel from nearby areas. Thus, the travel impact of labour is of negligible significance
in this study.
2.1.5 Ecological Footprint of Water
Water is supplied by Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC),
Khamgaon. It is consumed for making gum and other human needs. The usage
of water is considered for processing only. The ecological footprint of water can be
calculated using Eq. 9 [4]:
EF w = C w .
E w · α e ·
(1 − A oc )
A f
e CO 2 land
(9)
where C w is total water use during all phases of RSPV system (m
3 ); E w is electricity
consumption (kWh/m
3 ); α e is emission factor of electricity.
2.1.6 Ecological Footprint of Land (E L )
The direct land used by the industry for carrying out manufacturing processes is the
built-up land. The ecological footprint of direct land is calculated for the period of
60 years considering the life of the industry, according to Eq. 10.
EF L =
A
60 ∗ P A
∗ γ BL
(9)
where EF L is the ecological footprint per ton of product (gha/ton), A is the area of
built-up land (ha), P A is average annual production output of all products (ton), γ BL
is the conversion factor of built-up land.