12
C. Rivero-Camacho et al.
the design of a “standard BLC” with which to evaluate the building projects from
the design stage.
For each of the phases, information will be obtained from the execution budget
and the plans for the calculation of resources, manpower and machinery that compute
in the methodology of environmental indicators. The construction works carried out
at each stage of the life cycle will be:
• Urbanization: Road works, sewage and its installations, public services, etc.
• Construction: The construction of the building.
• Renewal 20: Renewal of air conditioning and DHW generation installations.
• Renovation 40: Energy re-equipment of the roof and facades (including windows),
including their insulation, renovation of air conditioning and DHW installations.
Wet cores, floors, doors. Elevator renovation.
• Renovation 70: Structural repairs, cracks and fissures. Replacement of all
installations, electricity, water and sanitation.
• Demolition: Complete demolition of the building.
(b) Application of EF indicator methodology to the resource inventory and
quantification of CDW.
In the environmental evaluation, it is essential to have well referenced the sources
used to obtain the associated impacts for each resource. Therefore, in this section,
the sources and methods used for the calculations will be defined. In this line, the
necessary formulation and the flow chart illustrating the steps to be followed are
presented, in addition to specifying the sources to be used for obtaining the required
auxiliary data and the definition of the necessary coefficients and transformation
factors.
In the present model, international databases of LCAs of construction products
[75] and the EPDs available on ECO-Platform [76] (www.eco-platform.org/), a European platform for EPD programmes in the construction sector that is established with
the aim of an implementation of EN 15804 [53] with mutual recognition among the
members, are used.
Among the different LCA databases, the ecoinvent database [77] was chosen
[78], implemented in SimaPro [79] and developed by the Swiss Centre for Life
Cycle Inventories, due to its transparency in the development of processes (reports,
flowcharts, methodology, etc.), consistency, references and standing out for the fact
that it merges data from several databases of the construction industry [75]. From
this database, a series of “environmental families” have been obtained which will
be responsible for assigning to each basic cost their corresponding impact units
according to their similarity.
One of the main objectives to be achieved is that the evaluation model is a standardized and reproducible model in all phases of the BLC, which is achieved thanks
to the fact that resources are systematically quantified and classified in the project
budget. This has allowed the methodology of the environmental indicators to come
closer to the concepts used in the terminology of the work budgets, thus facilitating
C. Rivero-Camacho et al.
the design of a “standard BLC” with which to evaluate the building projects from
the design stage.
For each of the phases, information will be obtained from the execution budget
and the plans for the calculation of resources, manpower and machinery that compute
in the methodology of environmental indicators. The construction works carried out
at each stage of the life cycle will be:
• Urbanization: Road works, sewage and its installations, public services, etc.
• Construction: The construction of the building.
• Renewal 20: Renewal of air conditioning and DHW generation installations.
• Renovation 40: Energy re-equipment of the roof and facades (including windows),
including their insulation, renovation of air conditioning and DHW installations.
Wet cores, floors, doors. Elevator renovation.
• Renovation 70: Structural repairs, cracks and fissures. Replacement of all
installations, electricity, water and sanitation.
• Demolition: Complete demolition of the building.
(b) Application of EF indicator methodology to the resource inventory and
quantification of CDW.
In the environmental evaluation, it is essential to have well referenced the sources
used to obtain the associated impacts for each resource. Therefore, in this section,
the sources and methods used for the calculations will be defined. In this line, the
necessary formulation and the flow chart illustrating the steps to be followed are
presented, in addition to specifying the sources to be used for obtaining the required
auxiliary data and the definition of the necessary coefficients and transformation
factors.
In the present model, international databases of LCAs of construction products
[75] and the EPDs available on ECO-Platform [76] (www.eco-platform.org/), a European platform for EPD programmes in the construction sector that is established with
the aim of an implementation of EN 15804 [53] with mutual recognition among the
members, are used.
Among the different LCA databases, the ecoinvent database [77] was chosen
[78], implemented in SimaPro [79] and developed by the Swiss Centre for Life
Cycle Inventories, due to its transparency in the development of processes (reports,
flowcharts, methodology, etc.), consistency, references and standing out for the fact
that it merges data from several databases of the construction industry [75]. From
this database, a series of “environmental families” have been obtained which will
be responsible for assigning to each basic cost their corresponding impact units
according to their similarity.
One of the main objectives to be achieved is that the evaluation model is a standardized and reproducible model in all phases of the BLC, which is achieved thanks
to the fact that resources are systematically quantified and classified in the project
budget. This has allowed the methodology of the environmental indicators to come
closer to the concepts used in the terminology of the work budgets, thus facilitating