416
K. Dhangar and M. Kumar
Table 18.5 Occurrence of PFOS in sludge, influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants
(ng/L) in various countries
Country
Location/description PFOS concentration
References
Influent
(ng/L)
Effluent
(ng/L)
Sludge
(ng/g dw)
Australia
Plant with advanced
treatments (UF, RO)
23–39
0.2–0.5
–
Thompson
et al.
(2011c)
Plant having several
stages of ozonation
2.2–3.7
0.3–0.7
–
Canada
Influents and
effluents of 20
WWTPS
2–1100
1–1300
9.7–8200
Guerra
et al.
(2014)
China
Beijing
0.03–12
0.04–7.3
0.69–16.7
Pan and
You (2010)
Hong Kong
29.4–49.9
19–28.8
3.1–157.9
Ma and
Shih (2010)
Denmark
Domestic and
commercial waste
water
<1.5–10.1
<1.5–18.1
4.8–74.1
Bossi et al.
(2008)
Germany
Bayreuth, Northern
Bavaria
44.0
86.0
80–120
Becker
et al.
(2008)
Greece
Athens
5–61.8
7.5–25.3
4.6–11.3
Stasinakis
et al.
(2013)
Athens (80%
domestic + 20%
industrial effluent)
2.4–26.3
5.2–21.0
1.8–16.7
Arvaniti
et al.
(2012)
Mytilene (100%
domestic effluent)
1.0–6.3
<0.18–0.45
0.58–3.8
Japan
Kanto
14–336
42–635
–
Murakami
et al.
(2009)
Tsurumi River basin –
79–640
–
Zushi et al.
(2008)
Korea
Domestic plant
0.9–40
0.9–8.9
3.3–54.1
Guo et al.
(2010)
Singapore
40% domestic +
60% industrial
effluent
56.30–374.5 95.6–461.7
291.6–390.1 Yu et al.
(2009)
95% domestic + 5%
industrial effluent
7.9–25.3
7.3–16.7
28.2–35.2
Spain
Ebro, Guadalquivir,
Jucar and Llobregat
Rivers
78.1–118
76.7–91.0
41.4–229
Campo
et al.
(2014)
(continued)
K. Dhangar and M. Kumar
Table 18.5 Occurrence of PFOS in sludge, influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants
(ng/L) in various countries
Country
Location/description PFOS concentration
References
Influent
(ng/L)
Effluent
(ng/L)
Sludge
(ng/g dw)
Australia
Plant with advanced
treatments (UF, RO)
23–39
0.2–0.5
–
Thompson
et al.
(2011c)
Plant having several
stages of ozonation
2.2–3.7
0.3–0.7
–
Canada
Influents and
effluents of 20
WWTPS
2–1100
1–1300
9.7–8200
Guerra
et al.
(2014)
China
Beijing
0.03–12
0.04–7.3
0.69–16.7
Pan and
You (2010)
Hong Kong
29.4–49.9
19–28.8
3.1–157.9
Ma and
Shih (2010)
Denmark
Domestic and
commercial waste
water
<1.5–10.1
<1.5–18.1
4.8–74.1
Bossi et al.
(2008)
Germany
Bayreuth, Northern
Bavaria
44.0
86.0
80–120
Becker
et al.
(2008)
Greece
Athens
5–61.8
7.5–25.3
4.6–11.3
Stasinakis
et al.
(2013)
Athens (80%
domestic + 20%
industrial effluent)
2.4–26.3
5.2–21.0
1.8–16.7
Arvaniti
et al.
(2012)
Mytilene (100%
domestic effluent)
1.0–6.3
<0.18–0.45
0.58–3.8
Japan
Kanto
14–336
42–635
–
Murakami
et al.
(2009)
Tsurumi River basin –
79–640
–
Zushi et al.
(2008)
Korea
Domestic plant
0.9–40
0.9–8.9
3.3–54.1
Guo et al.
(2010)
Singapore
40% domestic +
60% industrial
effluent
56.30–374.5 95.6–461.7
291.6–390.1 Yu et al.
(2009)
95% domestic + 5%
industrial effluent
7.9–25.3
7.3–16.7
28.2–35.2
Spain
Ebro, Guadalquivir,
Jucar and Llobregat
Rivers
78.1–118
76.7–91.0
41.4–229
Campo
et al.
(2014)
(continued)