11 Nanotechnology: An Efficient Technique of Contaminated …
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Table 11.2 Examples of the toxic effects of nanomaterials
Nanomaterial
Dose and
exposure route
Species
Effects
References
TiO 2 particles,
nanoscale rods or
dots
1 or 5 mg;
Intratracheal
instillation
Rats
TiO 2 rods or dots
produced
transient
inflammatory and
cell injury effects
and were not
different from the
effects of
larger-sized TiO 2
particles
Warheit et al.
(2006)
SWCNT
2-mg implant;
Subcutaneous
implantation
Mice
Activation of the
histocompatibility
complex in
CD4*/CD8 +
T-cells.
Koyama et al.
(2006)
Ultrafine TiO 2
0.5, 2 or
10 mg/ml;
Aerosol
inhalation
Mice, rats,
hamsters
Pulmonary
particles overload
and inflammation
in rats and mice
exposed to
10 mg/ml.
Inflammation
included an
increased number
of macrophages
and neutrophils,
progressive
fibrosis in rats,
elevated protein
and lactate
dehydrogenase
levels
Bermudez et al.
(2004)
SWCNT
0.1 or 0.5 mg;
Intratracheal
instillation
Mice
56% mortality in
0.5 mg dose,
weight loss, kung
lesions in 0.5 mg
group, necrosis,
macrophages and
granulomas,
interstitial and
peribronchial
inflammation
Lam et al. (2004)
(continued)