silver nanoparticles also showed better filtration for waste water in house hold (Ren
and Smith 2013; Kallman et al. 2011; Oyanedel-Craver and Smith 2008). Degradation rate of polluting dyes, methyl orange, methylene blue and eosin Y by NaBH 4
showing size effect of silver nanoparticles have been observed for removal of
pollutants from waste water (Vidhu and Philip 2014).
3.2.3 Iron (Fe) Based Nanomaterials
Recently, iron-based nanomaterials have drawn attention because of its ability to
reduce easily, high adsorption capacity, cheap, large surface area (Rivero-Huguet
and Marshall 2009) and are presented it as the most studied zero-valent metal
nanomaterials for the decontamination of various pollutants from water wastewater
(Matheson and Tratnyek 1994). Iron based nanomaterials are useful in removing
various contaminants from water, for example, chromium (VI) ion is removed by
iron hydroxide (Fe(OH) 3 ) (Wang et al. 2014a, b), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and
iron(II) ion (Fu et al. 2014): Other contaminants’ which is removed by using zero
valent iron nanomaterials are halogenated compounds (Liang et al. 2014), nitrogen
containing aromatic compounds (Xiong et al. 2015), dyes (Hoag et al. 2009),
phenols (Wang et al. 2013a, b), metals (Arancibia et al. 2016), phosphates (Marková
et al. 2013), nitrates (Muradova et al. 2016), metalloids (Ling et al. 2015),and trace
elements (Ling et al. 2015). Recently, iron-based nanomaterials are also used in soil
treatment (Gueye et al. 2016).
Apart from many usefulness, iron-based nanomaterials have the limitations to
aggregates, oxidizes and difficulty in separation which can be improved by modifying the adsorbents by doping with other metal (Liou et al. 2005), matrix encapsulation and emulsification (Stefaniuk et al. 2016). Iron based nanomaterials are
supposed to enhance its adsorbent properties by doping with other metals (Singh
and Misra 2015; Chen et al. 2011; Li et al. 2016; Lv et al. 2014; Berge and Ramsburg
2009). Biogenic iron and Nickel(Ni)-Iron(Fe) nanoparticles prepared using
Terminalia bellirica extracts from water and these nanoparticle played role for
polyphenolsin the plant extract as a reducing and capping agent (Yang et al. 2005;
Kumpiene et al. 2008; Mueller et al. 2012; El-Temsah et al. 2013; Gunarani et al.
2019). Few of the iron-based nanomaterials as adsorbents are shown in Table 3.2.
3.2.4 Palladium (Pd) Based Nanomaterials
Altamimi research group have reported the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B in an aqueous medium over these photocatalysts enabled disclosures showing the effect of palladium nanoparticles nature on the photocatalytic activity
(Alshammari et al. 2019). Polyethyleneimine stabilized palladium nanoparticles
68
M. Tauqeer et al.
and Smith 2013; Kallman et al. 2011; Oyanedel-Craver and Smith 2008). Degradation rate of polluting dyes, methyl orange, methylene blue and eosin Y by NaBH 4
showing size effect of silver nanoparticles have been observed for removal of
pollutants from waste water (Vidhu and Philip 2014).
3.2.3 Iron (Fe) Based Nanomaterials
Recently, iron-based nanomaterials have drawn attention because of its ability to
reduce easily, high adsorption capacity, cheap, large surface area (Rivero-Huguet
and Marshall 2009) and are presented it as the most studied zero-valent metal
nanomaterials for the decontamination of various pollutants from water wastewater
(Matheson and Tratnyek 1994). Iron based nanomaterials are useful in removing
various contaminants from water, for example, chromium (VI) ion is removed by
iron hydroxide (Fe(OH) 3 ) (Wang et al. 2014a, b), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and
iron(II) ion (Fu et al. 2014): Other contaminants’ which is removed by using zero
valent iron nanomaterials are halogenated compounds (Liang et al. 2014), nitrogen
containing aromatic compounds (Xiong et al. 2015), dyes (Hoag et al. 2009),
phenols (Wang et al. 2013a, b), metals (Arancibia et al. 2016), phosphates (Marková
et al. 2013), nitrates (Muradova et al. 2016), metalloids (Ling et al. 2015),and trace
elements (Ling et al. 2015). Recently, iron-based nanomaterials are also used in soil
treatment (Gueye et al. 2016).
Apart from many usefulness, iron-based nanomaterials have the limitations to
aggregates, oxidizes and difficulty in separation which can be improved by modifying the adsorbents by doping with other metal (Liou et al. 2005), matrix encapsulation and emulsification (Stefaniuk et al. 2016). Iron based nanomaterials are
supposed to enhance its adsorbent properties by doping with other metals (Singh
and Misra 2015; Chen et al. 2011; Li et al. 2016; Lv et al. 2014; Berge and Ramsburg
2009). Biogenic iron and Nickel(Ni)-Iron(Fe) nanoparticles prepared using
Terminalia bellirica extracts from water and these nanoparticle played role for
polyphenolsin the plant extract as a reducing and capping agent (Yang et al. 2005;
Kumpiene et al. 2008; Mueller et al. 2012; El-Temsah et al. 2013; Gunarani et al.
2019). Few of the iron-based nanomaterials as adsorbents are shown in Table 3.2.
3.2.4 Palladium (Pd) Based Nanomaterials
Altamimi research group have reported the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B in an aqueous medium over these photocatalysts enabled disclosures showing the effect of palladium nanoparticles nature on the photocatalytic activity
(Alshammari et al. 2019). Polyethyleneimine stabilized palladium nanoparticles
68
M. Tauqeer et al.