Union is contributed by Germany (Gao et al. 2019). Biogas production in the United
States of America is the ultimate source of renewable energy among solar and wind
energy production. (Shen et al. 2015). Sweden is a country that uses biogas for
vehicle fuel and power generation. Biogas consumption provides rapidly mounting
markets; the number of biogas upgraded vehicles has increased more than 70,000
vehicles (Holm-Nielsen et al. 2009).
Pakistan’s forest cover is less than 5% (Rahman and Paatero 2012). Pakistan has
completed massive afforestation projects of billion trees in 2017 but almost
4000 MW energy deficiency and wood among the only source in hilly areas inclines
people toward the use of natural resources. Such efforts of restoration could only be
fruitful with the utilization of renewable energy (Kharl and Xie 2017). Energy and
transport are the two sectors that use more oil compared to others. National resources
of crude oil are not enough to solve the congestion so huge amount of oil is being
imported to meet energy requirements. For example, 4.98 million metric tons of oil
were imported during July, 2016 (Khan et al. 2019). For the developing countries,
like Pakistan, biogas production can play a major role in fixing the bottleneck of the
energy crisis and boost the economy. Biogas plant can save 92,062 PKR by treating
10 m
3 of organic matter that is an excellent addition in the economy and can be used
to provide better facilities to the mounting population of Pakistan (Ali et al. 2019).
Biogas, from poultry waste only, can facilitate the country with 300 MWh/day of
electricity that not only accommodates energy shortage but also is environmentfriendly (Ali et al. 2016). Biogas is a sustainable way that ensures the safety
of biological and ecological sources. In Pakistan fuelwood is a common source of
domestic energy requirements whereas deforestation has reduced the availability of
the fuelwood. So, it provides an alternative to the consumption of forest that has
shortened up to 8.8%. Biogas has a good potential to produce 2.5 kWh of electrical
energy are produced only by 1 cubic meter of biogas. Biogas has a positive relation
with human health (Gao et al. 2019).
According to Rahman and Paatero (2012) 98.6 million buffalos and 174 million
cows in India can produce 601.46 and 1044 metric tons of manure per year,
respectively (Raheem et al. 2016). This high amount of animal manure can be
used to produce biogas, as a result of this, India is the top third emitter of CO 2
with 2 GT CO 2 per year can cut down its share from the global emission (Wang and
Zhou 2020).
The electrical energy produced by the biogas obtained from agricultural waste is
considered as zero emitters of CO 2 because emitted CO 2 was part of the plant body
(Hijazi et al. 2019). Bioenergy is an irreplaceable and integral substitute to the
unquenchable demand for energy in future and reduces the harvesting of fossil
fuel (Kapoor et al. 2019), that is 82% globally with the annual emission of 35 Gt
CO 2 and trend of emissions is increasing in non-Annex countries (Perera 2018).
58
M. N. Anwar et al.
States of America is the ultimate source of renewable energy among solar and wind
energy production. (Shen et al. 2015). Sweden is a country that uses biogas for
vehicle fuel and power generation. Biogas consumption provides rapidly mounting
markets; the number of biogas upgraded vehicles has increased more than 70,000
vehicles (Holm-Nielsen et al. 2009).
Pakistan’s forest cover is less than 5% (Rahman and Paatero 2012). Pakistan has
completed massive afforestation projects of billion trees in 2017 but almost
4000 MW energy deficiency and wood among the only source in hilly areas inclines
people toward the use of natural resources. Such efforts of restoration could only be
fruitful with the utilization of renewable energy (Kharl and Xie 2017). Energy and
transport are the two sectors that use more oil compared to others. National resources
of crude oil are not enough to solve the congestion so huge amount of oil is being
imported to meet energy requirements. For example, 4.98 million metric tons of oil
were imported during July, 2016 (Khan et al. 2019). For the developing countries,
like Pakistan, biogas production can play a major role in fixing the bottleneck of the
energy crisis and boost the economy. Biogas plant can save 92,062 PKR by treating
10 m
3 of organic matter that is an excellent addition in the economy and can be used
to provide better facilities to the mounting population of Pakistan (Ali et al. 2019).
Biogas, from poultry waste only, can facilitate the country with 300 MWh/day of
electricity that not only accommodates energy shortage but also is environmentfriendly (Ali et al. 2016). Biogas is a sustainable way that ensures the safety
of biological and ecological sources. In Pakistan fuelwood is a common source of
domestic energy requirements whereas deforestation has reduced the availability of
the fuelwood. So, it provides an alternative to the consumption of forest that has
shortened up to 8.8%. Biogas has a good potential to produce 2.5 kWh of electrical
energy are produced only by 1 cubic meter of biogas. Biogas has a positive relation
with human health (Gao et al. 2019).
According to Rahman and Paatero (2012) 98.6 million buffalos and 174 million
cows in India can produce 601.46 and 1044 metric tons of manure per year,
respectively (Raheem et al. 2016). This high amount of animal manure can be
used to produce biogas, as a result of this, India is the top third emitter of CO 2
with 2 GT CO 2 per year can cut down its share from the global emission (Wang and
Zhou 2020).
The electrical energy produced by the biogas obtained from agricultural waste is
considered as zero emitters of CO 2 because emitted CO 2 was part of the plant body
(Hijazi et al. 2019). Bioenergy is an irreplaceable and integral substitute to the
unquenchable demand for energy in future and reduces the harvesting of fossil
fuel (Kapoor et al. 2019), that is 82% globally with the annual emission of 35 Gt
CO 2 and trend of emissions is increasing in non-Annex countries (Perera 2018).
58
M. N. Anwar et al.