sustainable development at both ends providing the ability to cope with an energy
crisis and casting a positive impact on the environment with maximum utilization of
waste. However, some research work is required to overcome different gaps
(Theuerl et al. 2019).
International technical standards for the consumption of upgraded biogas should
be established. The development of international standards, with the participation of
public and private sector stakeholders, is an effective way to deal with the energy
crisis and sustainability issues (Awe et al. 2017). Some states and countries like
California, Germany, and Sweden are already following the national standards for
the utilization of the biogas. The maximum use of biogas is also an alternative to
natural gas (Yentekakis and Goula 2017). Bureau of India standards—designed and
authorized in 2013–accounts for the use of biogas in the transport system and
stationary engines (Jana and Bhattacharya 2017).
The utilization of biogas has different aspects ranging from smaller to a broader
spectrum. It facilitates in the heat production, fuel for fuel cells, a source of energy
for various industries, upgrading of the natural grids, and production of proteins and
chemicals. In future Biogas plants require the solution for the indigestible residues
that hamper the efficiency of biogas plants (Meyer-Aurich et al. 2012). More
research should be carried out to practice more efficient pre-treatment methods,
cost-effective and less energy-consuming technologies for reduced methane
leakages, and other environmental effects. It is required to determine the maximum
sectors for the utilization of biogas. The fuel cell provides good opportunity for the
use of the biogas; however, innovations in the market benefits and technological
development are required to maximize the effectiveness of fuel cells (Kapoor et al.
2019). In China, the potential of straw biogas requires its application on a large scale.
A more appropriate study is required to maintain the quality and quantity of the
biogas (Yu et al. 2019).
In China, biogas production is restricted to rural areas and engineered gaps that
reduce the efficiency and cause practical problems. The marketization of renewable
energy is needed to promote in China and several other countries (Adams et al.
2015).
European countries use a high amount of agricultural and animal manure to
produce biogas. China alters agricultural waste to biogas energy that not only
copes with the energy crisis but also an excellent way to tackle waste generation
problem. Bioenergy production from biomass has put up 55 EJ of total global energy
source in 2012. The palm oil industry of Malaysia is using more than 36 biogas
projects in Cleaner Development Mechanism (Aziz et al. 2019). This can be
considered in two aspects as it helps the company to sell the carbon credits and
reduce GHGs emissions.
Germany has advanced technology for biogas production. Transfer and transport
of technology to developing countries would encourage them towards more efficient
and competent processes of energy production. Renewable Energies Act first came
into being in 2000 and provides incentives on the feed used for renewable energy.
There was a rapid increase in the number of biogas plants from 1050 to 8292 from
the year 2010 to 2012. Approximately 50% of the biogas generation in European
2 Microbial and Biotechnological Advancement in Biogas Production
57
crisis and casting a positive impact on the environment with maximum utilization of
waste. However, some research work is required to overcome different gaps
(Theuerl et al. 2019).
International technical standards for the consumption of upgraded biogas should
be established. The development of international standards, with the participation of
public and private sector stakeholders, is an effective way to deal with the energy
crisis and sustainability issues (Awe et al. 2017). Some states and countries like
California, Germany, and Sweden are already following the national standards for
the utilization of the biogas. The maximum use of biogas is also an alternative to
natural gas (Yentekakis and Goula 2017). Bureau of India standards—designed and
authorized in 2013–accounts for the use of biogas in the transport system and
stationary engines (Jana and Bhattacharya 2017).
The utilization of biogas has different aspects ranging from smaller to a broader
spectrum. It facilitates in the heat production, fuel for fuel cells, a source of energy
for various industries, upgrading of the natural grids, and production of proteins and
chemicals. In future Biogas plants require the solution for the indigestible residues
that hamper the efficiency of biogas plants (Meyer-Aurich et al. 2012). More
research should be carried out to practice more efficient pre-treatment methods,
cost-effective and less energy-consuming technologies for reduced methane
leakages, and other environmental effects. It is required to determine the maximum
sectors for the utilization of biogas. The fuel cell provides good opportunity for the
use of the biogas; however, innovations in the market benefits and technological
development are required to maximize the effectiveness of fuel cells (Kapoor et al.
2019). In China, the potential of straw biogas requires its application on a large scale.
A more appropriate study is required to maintain the quality and quantity of the
biogas (Yu et al. 2019).
In China, biogas production is restricted to rural areas and engineered gaps that
reduce the efficiency and cause practical problems. The marketization of renewable
energy is needed to promote in China and several other countries (Adams et al.
2015).
European countries use a high amount of agricultural and animal manure to
produce biogas. China alters agricultural waste to biogas energy that not only
copes with the energy crisis but also an excellent way to tackle waste generation
problem. Bioenergy production from biomass has put up 55 EJ of total global energy
source in 2012. The palm oil industry of Malaysia is using more than 36 biogas
projects in Cleaner Development Mechanism (Aziz et al. 2019). This can be
considered in two aspects as it helps the company to sell the carbon credits and
reduce GHGs emissions.
Germany has advanced technology for biogas production. Transfer and transport
of technology to developing countries would encourage them towards more efficient
and competent processes of energy production. Renewable Energies Act first came
into being in 2000 and provides incentives on the feed used for renewable energy.
There was a rapid increase in the number of biogas plants from 1050 to 8292 from
the year 2010 to 2012. Approximately 50% of the biogas generation in European
2 Microbial and Biotechnological Advancement in Biogas Production
57