technological advances. However, presently produced biofuel contains a significant
proportion of first generational groups (Bhatia et al. 2017).
2.4.6 Microbial Advancement in Production of Biogas
(Biohydrogen)
Various microorganisms have been stated as beneficial to produce biohydrogen.
Commercial production of biohydrogen for economic wellbeing requires the consumption of lignocellulose. Jiang along with his coworkers utilized acid hydrolyzed
sugarcane bagasse as a raw material for the fermentation of Clostridium butyricum
and reported 2.06 mol H 2 /mole-total sugar. To overcome the problem of temperature
variances between saccharification and fermentation, in a complex process consuming lignocellulose, a thermophilic strain was isolated by researchers,
i.e. Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum for carrying out fermentation
at higher temperatures and reported 6.38 mmol H 2 /g. Clostridium thermocellum is
also capable of performing biohydrogen fermentation at high temperature but its
productivity is low. Then, Wang and his coworkers employed a coculture of
Clostridium acetobutylicum X9 in addition to Ethanoigenens harbinense B49 for
hydrogen generation consuming cellulose as a carbon source, and 8.1 mmole H 2 /g
was reported. For enhancing the efficiency of biohydrogen production, Cha with his
coworkers engineered Caldicellulosiruptor bescii by removing lactate dehydrogenase, and the resultant strain was capable of producing 21–34% more hydrogen
(Bhatia et al. 2017).
2.4.7 Enhancing the Efficiency of Biogas Process
Some ways of improving the yield of biogas process are stated as follows:
2.4.7.1 Bio-augmentation
Lately, various efforts have been made for improving the biogas production by direct
addition of microbes or enzymes, with some success (Schnürer et al. 2016). This
bio-augmentation has been brought into light chiefly for improvement in the hydrolytic step and enhancement in the degradation of lignocellulose. For instance, the
degradation productivity of a substrate, i.e. wheat straw was augmented with the
addition of cellulose-degrading bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum.
2.4.7.2 Addition of Microorganisms
Naturally, present microorganisms or artificially prepared ones could also be
cultured collectively, for the advancement of some actions, i.e. rise in the consumption range of substrate, enhance the yield, and enable the reclamation procedure
(Bhatia et al. 2017). Improvement in the stable and efficient production of CH 4 at
elevated NH 3 contents is also attempted, and for this purpose adding the
methanogen. Methanoculleus bourgensis resulted in increased methane production
52
M. N. Anwar et al.
proportion of first generational groups (Bhatia et al. 2017).
2.4.6 Microbial Advancement in Production of Biogas
(Biohydrogen)
Various microorganisms have been stated as beneficial to produce biohydrogen.
Commercial production of biohydrogen for economic wellbeing requires the consumption of lignocellulose. Jiang along with his coworkers utilized acid hydrolyzed
sugarcane bagasse as a raw material for the fermentation of Clostridium butyricum
and reported 2.06 mol H 2 /mole-total sugar. To overcome the problem of temperature
variances between saccharification and fermentation, in a complex process consuming lignocellulose, a thermophilic strain was isolated by researchers,
i.e. Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum for carrying out fermentation
at higher temperatures and reported 6.38 mmol H 2 /g. Clostridium thermocellum is
also capable of performing biohydrogen fermentation at high temperature but its
productivity is low. Then, Wang and his coworkers employed a coculture of
Clostridium acetobutylicum X9 in addition to Ethanoigenens harbinense B49 for
hydrogen generation consuming cellulose as a carbon source, and 8.1 mmole H 2 /g
was reported. For enhancing the efficiency of biohydrogen production, Cha with his
coworkers engineered Caldicellulosiruptor bescii by removing lactate dehydrogenase, and the resultant strain was capable of producing 21–34% more hydrogen
(Bhatia et al. 2017).
2.4.7 Enhancing the Efficiency of Biogas Process
Some ways of improving the yield of biogas process are stated as follows:
2.4.7.1 Bio-augmentation
Lately, various efforts have been made for improving the biogas production by direct
addition of microbes or enzymes, with some success (Schnürer et al. 2016). This
bio-augmentation has been brought into light chiefly for improvement in the hydrolytic step and enhancement in the degradation of lignocellulose. For instance, the
degradation productivity of a substrate, i.e. wheat straw was augmented with the
addition of cellulose-degrading bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum.
2.4.7.2 Addition of Microorganisms
Naturally, present microorganisms or artificially prepared ones could also be
cultured collectively, for the advancement of some actions, i.e. rise in the consumption range of substrate, enhance the yield, and enable the reclamation procedure
(Bhatia et al. 2017). Improvement in the stable and efficient production of CH 4 at
elevated NH 3 contents is also attempted, and for this purpose adding the
methanogen. Methanoculleus bourgensis resulted in increased methane production
52
M. N. Anwar et al.