Studies indicate that organic pollutants like trichloroethylene (TCE), atrazine
(herbicide), trinitrotoluene (TNT), poly hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls,
methyl tertiary butyl ether MTBE, and certain heavy metals like chromium, zinc, and
even radioisotopes have been shown to give positive response to various bioremediation techniques.
The white rot fungal species which have been shown to be effective against
organic/pesticide wastewater contamination using biopurification system (BPS) are
Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor, Bjerkandera adusta, Pleurotus
sp., Ceriporiopsis subvermispora.
The contribution of species like Coriolus versicolor, Hirschioporus larincinus,
Inonotus hispidus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phlebia tremellosa in treatment
of phenols obtained in treatment of colored dye pollution has already been well
studied.
In case of wastewater treatment of oil spills, Trichoderma harzianum, Mucor,
Aspergillus have proved to be effective source to start bioremediation process.
Cryptococcus sp., Pestalotiopsis palmarum have been identified as efficient in
treatment of crude oil contamination while Aspergillus niger and Pseudomonas
chrysosporium play crucial role in bioremediation of petroleum and chlorpyrifos
waste.
Fungi namely Aspergillus, Pythium, Curvularia, and Acremonium have been
identified to play role in heavy metal treatment (Deshmukh et al. 2016).
The bacterial species contributing to hydrocarbon degradation in oil
contaminated soil include Acinetobacter, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Nocardia, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus sp., and Corynebacterium. (Abioye et al.
2012).
Role of Pseudomonas putida and Aromatoleum aromaticum cannot be ignored in
toluene degradation, as petroleum hydrocarbons: aromatic hydrocarbons have been
found in abundance in ground water, further contributing to the contamination
(Grosbacher et al. 2018).
Role of metal ions like calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese,
nickel, potassium, sodium, and zinc is undeniable as they are considered as trace
elements. Certain metals like silver, aluminum, cadmium, gold, lead, and mercury
have no major biological role to play, and it has been found that in higher concentration these form complexes which induce toxic effects, thus making it more
important to find natural way to undergo biotransformation (Olaniran et al. 2013).
Phytoremediation endophytes are those microorganisms—fungi and bacteria,
which helps in the biotransformation of organic substances, which includes bioremediation of greenhouse gas pollutants—methane and carbon dioxide (Stępniewska
and Kuźniar 2013). Endophytic microorganism can produce secondary metabolites
which have shown to play a key role in the degradation of contaminants like
phytoremediation of petroleum with the help of Methylobacterium populum sp.,
Pseudomonas sp. Endophytic fungi Neotyphodium coenophialum and
Neotyphodium uncinatum have been found to reduce the concentration of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) (Xia et al.
2014). Enterobacter sp. PDN3 has been shown to be effective in case of
162
J. Tomar
(herbicide), trinitrotoluene (TNT), poly hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls,
methyl tertiary butyl ether MTBE, and certain heavy metals like chromium, zinc, and
even radioisotopes have been shown to give positive response to various bioremediation techniques.
The white rot fungal species which have been shown to be effective against
organic/pesticide wastewater contamination using biopurification system (BPS) are
Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor, Bjerkandera adusta, Pleurotus
sp., Ceriporiopsis subvermispora.
The contribution of species like Coriolus versicolor, Hirschioporus larincinus,
Inonotus hispidus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phlebia tremellosa in treatment
of phenols obtained in treatment of colored dye pollution has already been well
studied.
In case of wastewater treatment of oil spills, Trichoderma harzianum, Mucor,
Aspergillus have proved to be effective source to start bioremediation process.
Cryptococcus sp., Pestalotiopsis palmarum have been identified as efficient in
treatment of crude oil contamination while Aspergillus niger and Pseudomonas
chrysosporium play crucial role in bioremediation of petroleum and chlorpyrifos
waste.
Fungi namely Aspergillus, Pythium, Curvularia, and Acremonium have been
identified to play role in heavy metal treatment (Deshmukh et al. 2016).
The bacterial species contributing to hydrocarbon degradation in oil
contaminated soil include Acinetobacter, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Nocardia, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus sp., and Corynebacterium. (Abioye et al.
2012).
Role of Pseudomonas putida and Aromatoleum aromaticum cannot be ignored in
toluene degradation, as petroleum hydrocarbons: aromatic hydrocarbons have been
found in abundance in ground water, further contributing to the contamination
(Grosbacher et al. 2018).
Role of metal ions like calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese,
nickel, potassium, sodium, and zinc is undeniable as they are considered as trace
elements. Certain metals like silver, aluminum, cadmium, gold, lead, and mercury
have no major biological role to play, and it has been found that in higher concentration these form complexes which induce toxic effects, thus making it more
important to find natural way to undergo biotransformation (Olaniran et al. 2013).
Phytoremediation endophytes are those microorganisms—fungi and bacteria,
which helps in the biotransformation of organic substances, which includes bioremediation of greenhouse gas pollutants—methane and carbon dioxide (Stępniewska
and Kuźniar 2013). Endophytic microorganism can produce secondary metabolites
which have shown to play a key role in the degradation of contaminants like
phytoremediation of petroleum with the help of Methylobacterium populum sp.,
Pseudomonas sp. Endophytic fungi Neotyphodium coenophialum and
Neotyphodium uncinatum have been found to reduce the concentration of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) (Xia et al.
2014). Enterobacter sp. PDN3 has been shown to be effective in case of
162
J. Tomar