chromosome architect of the sequenced genomes by overlapping contigs. In this case
the most common problem which arises is the presence of repeats, which are
identical sequences of varying length and are found in different locations.
Various studies conducted include the understanding of the organisms, their
fundamental processes enable to understand how the organism will react to the
changes in the environment. This kind of studies can be done with the help of
gene editing and other computational tools for constructing the metabolic models.
Signaling pathways may contribute a lot to the microbial population in a specified
region at a given point of time. Study of microbial gene interactions using high
throughput method has proved to overcome the limitations faced in culturing few
microbes. Functional gene arrays have been found to play significant role in the
study of genes responsible for degradation, metal resistance, antibiotic resistance,
and so on (Nostrand et al. 2012).
Transcriptome analysis may enable to understand the impact and relationship
between heat shock resistance, oxidative stress or nutrient starvation, heavy metal
reduction, and even prediction and analysis of biogeochemical cycles of carbon and
nitrogen (Bertin et al. 2008).
A large number of biological databanks have been developed in order to understand the complexity of biological networks relevant to the microorganisms involved
in bioremediation process.
8.3
Bioremediation and Bioinformatics
Bioremediation is a process which helps in neutralizing the effect of waste in the
environment. Different groups of microorganisms have been found to be effective in
either neutralization or removal of the waste, by breaking down the organic matter
they further allow decomposing the waste. It has been widely accepted and used as it
is non-chemical based treatment and helps in recycling of the waste. This process has
proven to be a savior as it not only helps in cleaning the environment but also helps
in preventing us to have infections leading to degenerative diseases, cancer, respiratory disorders, cardiac issues, weakness of muscles, damage to kidney, liver, brain
tissues due to accumulation of these toxics in the human body (Ojuederie and
Babalola 2017).
On the basis of application it has been defined as: In situ, where the waste is
treated at the site of origin, this also includes the onsite installation expenses, it
further adds to the fact that proper control of the polluted site is difficult to manage.
Ex situ remediation refers to the process where the contaminated waste is removed to
a different site for effective treatment. This increases the cost of treatment due to the
process of excavation (Azubuike et al. 2016).
Bioinformatics based approach have helped in the better understanding of the
genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics of the microbes involved
to study and thereby enhance their degradative capabilities. With the help of
different bioinformatics based tools it will be much easier to identify set of genes
in respective microorganism which can mimic their action, as otherwise diversities
8 Bioinformatics: A New Insight Tool to Deal with Environment Management
157
the most common problem which arises is the presence of repeats, which are
identical sequences of varying length and are found in different locations.
Various studies conducted include the understanding of the organisms, their
fundamental processes enable to understand how the organism will react to the
changes in the environment. This kind of studies can be done with the help of
gene editing and other computational tools for constructing the metabolic models.
Signaling pathways may contribute a lot to the microbial population in a specified
region at a given point of time. Study of microbial gene interactions using high
throughput method has proved to overcome the limitations faced in culturing few
microbes. Functional gene arrays have been found to play significant role in the
study of genes responsible for degradation, metal resistance, antibiotic resistance,
and so on (Nostrand et al. 2012).
Transcriptome analysis may enable to understand the impact and relationship
between heat shock resistance, oxidative stress or nutrient starvation, heavy metal
reduction, and even prediction and analysis of biogeochemical cycles of carbon and
nitrogen (Bertin et al. 2008).
A large number of biological databanks have been developed in order to understand the complexity of biological networks relevant to the microorganisms involved
in bioremediation process.
8.3
Bioremediation and Bioinformatics
Bioremediation is a process which helps in neutralizing the effect of waste in the
environment. Different groups of microorganisms have been found to be effective in
either neutralization or removal of the waste, by breaking down the organic matter
they further allow decomposing the waste. It has been widely accepted and used as it
is non-chemical based treatment and helps in recycling of the waste. This process has
proven to be a savior as it not only helps in cleaning the environment but also helps
in preventing us to have infections leading to degenerative diseases, cancer, respiratory disorders, cardiac issues, weakness of muscles, damage to kidney, liver, brain
tissues due to accumulation of these toxics in the human body (Ojuederie and
Babalola 2017).
On the basis of application it has been defined as: In situ, where the waste is
treated at the site of origin, this also includes the onsite installation expenses, it
further adds to the fact that proper control of the polluted site is difficult to manage.
Ex situ remediation refers to the process where the contaminated waste is removed to
a different site for effective treatment. This increases the cost of treatment due to the
process of excavation (Azubuike et al. 2016).
Bioinformatics based approach have helped in the better understanding of the
genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics of the microbes involved
to study and thereby enhance their degradative capabilities. With the help of
different bioinformatics based tools it will be much easier to identify set of genes
in respective microorganism which can mimic their action, as otherwise diversities
8 Bioinformatics: A New Insight Tool to Deal with Environment Management
157