gene–gene interaction as well as the protein–protein interactions study. This
suggests that it is not just genomics, proteomics, but the study of transcriptome,
and metabolome which is required to understand the entire mechanism and further
take steps in the direction to achieve an ecologically stable environmental state.
With the advent of new technologies, industrialization has led to accumulation of
hard metals and chemicals in the water sources, the soil, and underground water, air,
making it a necessity to identify the customized or genetically altered microbes
based bioremediation.
In order to understand the entire mechanism, bioinformatics based approach
could be used to determine what exactly need to be known and how to retrieve
that kind of data and further from which database, for example, a number of
microorganisms have been identified which are capable of remediating pollutants but
which database can provide such information, those details are not well known.
This entire study could be expressed in terms of gene ontology related studies,
which includes identification of the molecular functions associated with the
biological system, the cellular components playing important role in the same, and
along with the understanding of the biological processes, making it easier to identify
the role of specific processes in the entire system. Resequencing helps in better
understanding of microorganism genome, the variation among the species, gene
functions in the bacteria under selective criteria.
8.2
Bioinformatics and Its Application in Understanding
Mechanism and Providing Suitable Solution to Pollution
The term Bioinformatics was first coined by Paulien Hogeweg and Ben Hesper in
1970 as “the study of information processes in biotic systems.” Bioinformatics based
research and development deals with development of different softwares/tools as per
user requirement. It also includes application of computational tools thereby leading
to interpretation of different types of data based on nucleotide and/or amino acid
sequence data and protein structure data.
Genomics and Proteomics are the two prominent research areas which have been
able to receive lot of benefit due to the different tools of bioinformatics. On one hand,
where after sequencing the contribution of bioinformatics in the form of biological
databases and software is inevitable, similarly, on the other hand, protein based
studies have not been easier without the different computational tools which had
helped to identify specific proteins in the organism under study. Further these studies
allowed identification of the superfamilies and the family of protein, conserved
domains, motif, patterns, and profile. The protein–protein interactions, gene–protein
network, different metabolic pathways can be studied with the help of bioinformatics
based tools. Basically it can be said, that understanding of the biological systems can
be done with the help of computational tools.
When it comes to study of the microbial genomes a number of steps can be
performed for the analysis of the data. Few of such techniques include genome
assembly, comparative analysis, study of evolutionary relationship, waste clean-up
analysis. Genome assembly includes the designing of contigs, giving an idea of the
156
J. Tomar
suggests that it is not just genomics, proteomics, but the study of transcriptome,
and metabolome which is required to understand the entire mechanism and further
take steps in the direction to achieve an ecologically stable environmental state.
With the advent of new technologies, industrialization has led to accumulation of
hard metals and chemicals in the water sources, the soil, and underground water, air,
making it a necessity to identify the customized or genetically altered microbes
based bioremediation.
In order to understand the entire mechanism, bioinformatics based approach
could be used to determine what exactly need to be known and how to retrieve
that kind of data and further from which database, for example, a number of
microorganisms have been identified which are capable of remediating pollutants but
which database can provide such information, those details are not well known.
This entire study could be expressed in terms of gene ontology related studies,
which includes identification of the molecular functions associated with the
biological system, the cellular components playing important role in the same, and
along with the understanding of the biological processes, making it easier to identify
the role of specific processes in the entire system. Resequencing helps in better
understanding of microorganism genome, the variation among the species, gene
functions in the bacteria under selective criteria.
8.2
Bioinformatics and Its Application in Understanding
Mechanism and Providing Suitable Solution to Pollution
The term Bioinformatics was first coined by Paulien Hogeweg and Ben Hesper in
1970 as “the study of information processes in biotic systems.” Bioinformatics based
research and development deals with development of different softwares/tools as per
user requirement. It also includes application of computational tools thereby leading
to interpretation of different types of data based on nucleotide and/or amino acid
sequence data and protein structure data.
Genomics and Proteomics are the two prominent research areas which have been
able to receive lot of benefit due to the different tools of bioinformatics. On one hand,
where after sequencing the contribution of bioinformatics in the form of biological
databases and software is inevitable, similarly, on the other hand, protein based
studies have not been easier without the different computational tools which had
helped to identify specific proteins in the organism under study. Further these studies
allowed identification of the superfamilies and the family of protein, conserved
domains, motif, patterns, and profile. The protein–protein interactions, gene–protein
network, different metabolic pathways can be studied with the help of bioinformatics
based tools. Basically it can be said, that understanding of the biological systems can
be done with the help of computational tools.
When it comes to study of the microbial genomes a number of steps can be
performed for the analysis of the data. Few of such techniques include genome
assembly, comparative analysis, study of evolutionary relationship, waste clean-up
analysis. Genome assembly includes the designing of contigs, giving an idea of the
156
J. Tomar