262
Aquatic and marine ecosystems (Cont)
substantial natural variability, 150
surface water contamination, 149
watersheds, placing drill pads, 148
Aquifers, 9, 10, 96
Asphalt, 212
Assertiveness, 63
Associated gas, 127
Asteroid, 243
Astral Oil Works, 52
Atmospheric carbon dioxide
measurements, 166
Atomic weapons, 231
B
Background emissions
air contaminants, 86
concentration and composition, 86
DPM, 87
flowback, 86
methane, 86
pollutants, 86
shale development, 85, 86
shale gas and tight oil production, 87
spatial and temporal variability, 87
volatile chemicals, 87
Bakken flares, 130
Bakken Shale, 46, 85, 127
Bakken wells, 127, 128, 130
Ban Fracking Act, 188
Barbaric technology, 193
Barnett Shale, 76, 101
Basalts, 216
Bi-fuel conversion, 220
Bi-fuel vehicles, 220
Big oil, 52, 55
Biocide-resistant microbes, 114, 115
Biocides, 115
chlorine bleach, 195
frack fluid, 195
frack water disinfection, 195
glutaraldehyde, 195
hazardous chemicals, 195
hazardous compounds, 194
sodium hypochlorite, 195
Biofuels, 205, 223
Blockbusting, 67
Blooey line, 30
Blow-out preventer (BOP), 50
Boreholes, 25
Bottomhole assembly, 75
Bowland Shale, 133
Breakdown pressure, 29
Breakthrough technologies, 204, 205, 217, 219
British Petroleum (BP), 56, 57
Bunker oil, 204
Bureau of Land Management (BLM), 233
Burmah Oil, 56
C
Cable tool, 44
Calcite, 216
The Canada Oil Company, 44
Canadian Petroleum Hall of Fame, 44
Canadian petroleum industry, 45
Capacity factor, 219
Capillary imbibition, 95
Capital expense (CAPEX), 217
Capture technology, 221
Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
albite, 215
basalt, 215, 216
breakthrough technologies, 217
calcite, 216
carbon tax, 223
chemical absorbents, 215
chemical methods, 214
Clean Air Act, 222
climate contrarians, 183
climate-changing GHG, 213, 214
CO 2 , 183
coal-fired electricity, 183
coal-generated electricity, 183
cryogenic techniques, 214
DAC, 214, 216, 222
DOE, 214
energy transition technology, 222
field experiments, 216
fixed sources, 220
fossil fuels, 183, 214
fracked gas shales, 215
gypsum, 222
humanity, 217
isolation, 214
limestone, 216
market economy, 222
mechanical DAC, 216
membrane separation, 214
methane gas, 215
oxy-combustion process, 215
plagioclase, 215
society, 217
stack gases/vehicle exhaust pipes, 222
storage, 215
Index
Aquatic and marine ecosystems (Cont)
substantial natural variability, 150
surface water contamination, 149
watersheds, placing drill pads, 148
Aquifers, 9, 10, 96
Asphalt, 212
Assertiveness, 63
Associated gas, 127
Asteroid, 243
Astral Oil Works, 52
Atmospheric carbon dioxide
measurements, 166
Atomic weapons, 231
B
Background emissions
air contaminants, 86
concentration and composition, 86
DPM, 87
flowback, 86
methane, 86
pollutants, 86
shale development, 85, 86
shale gas and tight oil production, 87
spatial and temporal variability, 87
volatile chemicals, 87
Bakken flares, 130
Bakken Shale, 46, 85, 127
Bakken wells, 127, 128, 130
Ban Fracking Act, 188
Barbaric technology, 193
Barnett Shale, 76, 101
Basalts, 216
Bi-fuel conversion, 220
Bi-fuel vehicles, 220
Big oil, 52, 55
Biocide-resistant microbes, 114, 115
Biocides, 115
chlorine bleach, 195
frack fluid, 195
frack water disinfection, 195
glutaraldehyde, 195
hazardous chemicals, 195
hazardous compounds, 194
sodium hypochlorite, 195
Biofuels, 205, 223
Blockbusting, 67
Blooey line, 30
Blow-out preventer (BOP), 50
Boreholes, 25
Bottomhole assembly, 75
Bowland Shale, 133
Breakdown pressure, 29
Breakthrough technologies, 204, 205, 217, 219
British Petroleum (BP), 56, 57
Bunker oil, 204
Bureau of Land Management (BLM), 233
Burmah Oil, 56
C
Cable tool, 44
Calcite, 216
The Canada Oil Company, 44
Canadian Petroleum Hall of Fame, 44
Canadian petroleum industry, 45
Capacity factor, 219
Capillary imbibition, 95
Capital expense (CAPEX), 217
Capture technology, 221
Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
albite, 215
basalt, 215, 216
breakthrough technologies, 217
calcite, 216
carbon tax, 223
chemical absorbents, 215
chemical methods, 214
Clean Air Act, 222
climate contrarians, 183
climate-changing GHG, 213, 214
CO 2 , 183
coal-fired electricity, 183
coal-generated electricity, 183
cryogenic techniques, 214
DAC, 214, 216, 222
DOE, 214
energy transition technology, 222
field experiments, 216
fixed sources, 220
fossil fuels, 183, 214
fracked gas shales, 215
gypsum, 222
humanity, 217
isolation, 214
limestone, 216
market economy, 222
mechanical DAC, 216
membrane separation, 214
methane gas, 215
oxy-combustion process, 215
plagioclase, 215
society, 217
stack gases/vehicle exhaust pipes, 222
storage, 215
Index