261
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
D. J. Soeder, Fracking and the Environment,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59121-2
A
Abandoned wells, 99
Abiotic methane gas, 84
Abrasion, 26
Acidic oceans, 172
Acid rain, 171, 221
Admiral John Arbuthnot Fisher, 56
Agriculture, 174
Air emissions, 86, 138
Air pollution, 199
categories, 80
exposure areas, 88
and fracking, 84
hydraulic fracturing, 79
shale development area, 86
shale gas and tight oil, 85
sources, 84
urban, 79
well pad, 87
Air quality
direct measurements, 79, 80
fracking impacts, 79
methane leakage, 80
modeling approaches, 79
oil and gas operations, 79
PM (see Particulate matter (PM))
VOCs, 80
Air transit, 240
Air transmission, 137
Aircraft, 240
Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission, 51
Albite, 215
Al-Ghawar oil field, 63
Allegheny River, 47
All-of-the-above energy strategy, 70
American Association of Petroleum Geologists
(AAPG), 19
American Medicinal Oil, 39
American National Standards Institute
(ANSI), 199
American Oil & Gas Historical Society, 47
American oil industry, 37
American Petroleum Institute (API), 26, 199
American Tobacco Company, 54, 55
Anaerobic microbial digestion, 83
Anglo-Persian Oil Company, 56, 57, 63
Anthony F. Lucas, 50
Anthropocene Epoch, 160
Anthropocene mass extinction, 160
Anthropogenic activity, 150
Anti-science response, 8
Appalachian basin, 47, 73, 114
Appalachian sites, 46
Aquatic and marine ecosystems
anthropogenic activity, 150
Barnett Shale development, 148
degradation, 148
environmental impacts, 150
environmental monitoring, 149
factors, 150
fracking, 150
freshwater mussels, 149
high-intensity storm water runoff, 149
horizontally-drilled shale gas, 149
land use types, 148
measurements, 150
NETL assessment, 149
Penn State investigation, 150
runoff modeling, 148
stream impact thresholds, 148
streams, 150
Index