4 Integration into Development: Translating International …
65
of programming in the national plan of adaptation action, efforts were directed at
developing the Coastal Resilient Village (CRV) (Bappenas 2014; Darajati 2012).
Climate vulnerability and risk assessments have been serving as an entry point
for initiating adaptation planning in Indonesia, at local (village) and regional district
levels, and determine much of the climate change adaptation strategies and planning
process that takes place thereafter, such as in case study one. Based on assessments
of exposure, sensitivity and adaptability, the PDPT programmatic concept as an
example, was based on enhancing the resilience of the ‘climate disaster resilient
village’ (CDRV) by increasing adaptive capacity to mitigate the risks of disasters driven by climate change. However, criticisms of the programme emerged that
the approach lacked the participation of those with the experience and best practices
for including key local knowledge in the design phase, such as those of the local stakeholders on their local resources and environment for transformative participation to
occur (Suarma et al. 2018). The national-scale top-down vulnerability assessments
determining targets for PDPT had little focus for the everyday adaptation strategies
needed for the agricultural livelihoods to be climate-resilient, and focused on readiness for significant but less frequent events than the impacts of climate variability,
seasonal changes and instability, increased pest incidence, drought wind and flood
damage to agriculture and farmers’ everyday livelihoods and livelihood security.
Based on the premise that climate change responses should be more sensitive to the
needs and risks faced by more vulnerable communities, community approaches to
adaptation and implementation at village levels are supposed to build on the proposition that local communities have the skills, experience, local knowledge and networks
to increase their own resilience (Forsyth 2013). Building local knowledge, skills and
experiences into programatic approaches further could greatly benefit the outcomes
for the activities of the RAN-API in achieving meaningful and sustained adaptation.
The coastal string of agricultural-livelihood dependent villages along the beach
area of Kulon Progo are susceptible to high winds and flooding and subject to hot,
dry periods in summer. Yet, this area also is vulnerable to coastal storms, inundation
and has high tsunami potential. With current predictions suggesting that the area is
highly vulnerable to a tsunami if a significant earthquake occurs in the sea in the
south of Java (BMKG 2019a). The resilient coastal village development programme
(Pengembangan Desa Pesisir Tangguh or PDPT) was implemented in three villages in
the Panjatan sub-district of Kulon Progo District. These three villages were targeted
in the programme to become “resilient coastal villages” following a series of nationallevel climate vulnerability assessments undertaken across Indonesia and used to identify specific coastal areas of high vulnerability as villages to target for the programme.
The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries through the Directorate General of
Marine, Coastal and Small Islands formulated the national programming of the PDPT
under a five-phased process to roll out the programming in each target area. Phase
one was a preparation stage for coordination of the drafting team, relevant stakeholders, methodology and preparation of work plans, which was then followed by the
collection of secondary data across government agencies. Stage three then involved
field surveys to ground truth information gathered from government agencies for
data accuracy and then in stage four identify potential areas for activities based on
65
of programming in the national plan of adaptation action, efforts were directed at
developing the Coastal Resilient Village (CRV) (Bappenas 2014; Darajati 2012).
Climate vulnerability and risk assessments have been serving as an entry point
for initiating adaptation planning in Indonesia, at local (village) and regional district
levels, and determine much of the climate change adaptation strategies and planning
process that takes place thereafter, such as in case study one. Based on assessments
of exposure, sensitivity and adaptability, the PDPT programmatic concept as an
example, was based on enhancing the resilience of the ‘climate disaster resilient
village’ (CDRV) by increasing adaptive capacity to mitigate the risks of disasters driven by climate change. However, criticisms of the programme emerged that
the approach lacked the participation of those with the experience and best practices
for including key local knowledge in the design phase, such as those of the local stakeholders on their local resources and environment for transformative participation to
occur (Suarma et al. 2018). The national-scale top-down vulnerability assessments
determining targets for PDPT had little focus for the everyday adaptation strategies
needed for the agricultural livelihoods to be climate-resilient, and focused on readiness for significant but less frequent events than the impacts of climate variability,
seasonal changes and instability, increased pest incidence, drought wind and flood
damage to agriculture and farmers’ everyday livelihoods and livelihood security.
Based on the premise that climate change responses should be more sensitive to the
needs and risks faced by more vulnerable communities, community approaches to
adaptation and implementation at village levels are supposed to build on the proposition that local communities have the skills, experience, local knowledge and networks
to increase their own resilience (Forsyth 2013). Building local knowledge, skills and
experiences into programatic approaches further could greatly benefit the outcomes
for the activities of the RAN-API in achieving meaningful and sustained adaptation.
The coastal string of agricultural-livelihood dependent villages along the beach
area of Kulon Progo are susceptible to high winds and flooding and subject to hot,
dry periods in summer. Yet, this area also is vulnerable to coastal storms, inundation
and has high tsunami potential. With current predictions suggesting that the area is
highly vulnerable to a tsunami if a significant earthquake occurs in the sea in the
south of Java (BMKG 2019a). The resilient coastal village development programme
(Pengembangan Desa Pesisir Tangguh or PDPT) was implemented in three villages in
the Panjatan sub-district of Kulon Progo District. These three villages were targeted
in the programme to become “resilient coastal villages” following a series of nationallevel climate vulnerability assessments undertaken across Indonesia and used to identify specific coastal areas of high vulnerability as villages to target for the programme.
The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries through the Directorate General of
Marine, Coastal and Small Islands formulated the national programming of the PDPT
under a five-phased process to roll out the programming in each target area. Phase
one was a preparation stage for coordination of the drafting team, relevant stakeholders, methodology and preparation of work plans, which was then followed by the
collection of secondary data across government agencies. Stage three then involved
field surveys to ground truth information gathered from government agencies for
data accuracy and then in stage four identify potential areas for activities based on