3 Sea-Level Rise (SLR) and Its Implication on Human Security …
39
In the Resolution of UN No 10/4 2009, the council noted that climate change
impacts have a range of implications both direct and indirect for the effective enjoyment of human rights. And that such an effect will be felt most acutely by those
segments of population who are already in vulnerable situations. Flavia Pansieri
United Nations Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, stated that “climate
change, human induced climate change is obviously an assault of the ecosystem
that we all share has the added feature of undercutting rights, important rights like
the right to health, the right to food, to water and sanitation, to adequate housing,
and, in a number of small island States and coastal communities, the very right to
self-determination and existence”.
The Linkage of Human Security and Human Right and CCA
Human security put people and communities at the center of analysis and response
strategies. They are both agents and beneficiaries of interventions. Human security
has two strategies of actions: protection and empowerment. Protection which is
defined by the Commission on Human Security as “Strategies are set up by States,
international agencies, NGOs and private sectors to shield people from menace”.
It implies establishing top-down measures recognizing that people face threat that
are beyond their control (natural disasters, financial crises, and conflicts). Human
security requires systematic, comprehensive, and preventive protection. States have
the primary responsibility to implement such protection while other actors such as
international bodies, civil society, and NGOs play a pivotal role. Empowerment is
the strategy that enables people to develop their resilience to a difficult situation
and implies bottom-up measures that aim to develop the capacity of individuals
and communities. The implementation of human security approach calls for the
protection and empowerment of population implying the need for both top-down
and bottom-up measures. Security providers range from self-protection (individual,
family, community), horizontal protection by non-state actors (lifeline, humanitarian
organization), and vertical protection by state, foreign state, and intergovernmental
actors.
There is a linkage between human security and the Sendai Framework of
DRR/CCA. Sendai Framework for action is in line with the protection of human
security and human rights, namely preventing new and reducing existing disaster
risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive economy; structural,
legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political
and institutional measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability
to disaster; increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen
resilience.
Appropriate legal and policy frameworks and operational measures are needed
to help people remain in situ if possible and desirable or move elsewhere in anticipation of the harm (McAdam et al. 2016). In addition, comprehensive approaches
for disaster risk reduction that simultaneously responds to economic, food, health,
39
In the Resolution of UN No 10/4 2009, the council noted that climate change
impacts have a range of implications both direct and indirect for the effective enjoyment of human rights. And that such an effect will be felt most acutely by those
segments of population who are already in vulnerable situations. Flavia Pansieri
United Nations Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights, stated that “climate
change, human induced climate change is obviously an assault of the ecosystem
that we all share has the added feature of undercutting rights, important rights like
the right to health, the right to food, to water and sanitation, to adequate housing,
and, in a number of small island States and coastal communities, the very right to
self-determination and existence”.
The Linkage of Human Security and Human Right and CCA
Human security put people and communities at the center of analysis and response
strategies. They are both agents and beneficiaries of interventions. Human security
has two strategies of actions: protection and empowerment. Protection which is
defined by the Commission on Human Security as “Strategies are set up by States,
international agencies, NGOs and private sectors to shield people from menace”.
It implies establishing top-down measures recognizing that people face threat that
are beyond their control (natural disasters, financial crises, and conflicts). Human
security requires systematic, comprehensive, and preventive protection. States have
the primary responsibility to implement such protection while other actors such as
international bodies, civil society, and NGOs play a pivotal role. Empowerment is
the strategy that enables people to develop their resilience to a difficult situation
and implies bottom-up measures that aim to develop the capacity of individuals
and communities. The implementation of human security approach calls for the
protection and empowerment of population implying the need for both top-down
and bottom-up measures. Security providers range from self-protection (individual,
family, community), horizontal protection by non-state actors (lifeline, humanitarian
organization), and vertical protection by state, foreign state, and intergovernmental
actors.
There is a linkage between human security and the Sendai Framework of
DRR/CCA. Sendai Framework for action is in line with the protection of human
security and human rights, namely preventing new and reducing existing disaster
risk through the implementation of integrated and inclusive economy; structural,
legal, social, health, cultural, educational, environmental, technological, political
and institutional measures that prevent and reduce hazard exposure and vulnerability
to disaster; increase preparedness for response and recovery, and thus strengthen
resilience.
Appropriate legal and policy frameworks and operational measures are needed
to help people remain in situ if possible and desirable or move elsewhere in anticipation of the harm (McAdam et al. 2016). In addition, comprehensive approaches
for disaster risk reduction that simultaneously responds to economic, food, health,