38
L. Nurhidayah
Threat to Health and Food Security
Coastal inundation, storm surge as a result of SLR followed by land subsidence
has increased the risk of health including the increasing of outbreak of dengue
fever, tuberculosis as well as physiological stresses due to extreme climate events.
Climate change will influence yields and sea-level rise can inundate producing land.
According to a study by Chen et al., combination of crops yield and sea-level effects
causes significant reduction in production and an increase in rice prices which may
have important policy implications for food security (Chen et al. 2012). In addition,
the study suggested that rice production is sensitive to sea-level rise resulting in
annual welfare losses up to US$10.59 billion. The more significant negative impacts
fall in Bangladesh, Japan, Taiwan, Myanmar, Egypt, and Vietnam (Chen et al. 2012).
Threats to Livelihoods and Culture
Sea-level rise (SLR) has negative impacts on local communities’ livelihoods and
cultures. People are losing their agricultural lands because of SLR and are now
shifting their livelihoods from being farmers to become fishermen or as working
laborers in industries as they do not have any productive lands anymore. In addition,
SLR is also a threat to transmission of people’s culture. There are irreversible and
devastating impacts on climate change on cultures, land, and livelihoods. SLR is
washing out the significance of people’s homes and cultural significance such as
graveyards.
Human Rights
State Duties to Protect and Fulfill Facilitate the Enjoyment
of Basic Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights have recognized basic human rights. States have the
responsibility and duty to protect, promote, and implement all human rights and
fundamental basic human rights by adopting steps which are necessary to create all
conditions in the social, economic, as well as legal guarantee required to ensure that
all persons under its jurisdiction are able to enjoy all those rights and freedom.
Climate change threatens human ability to achieve sustainable development and
human survival. States have an obligation to respect, protect, fulfill, and promote
all human rights for all persons without discrimination. Failure to take affirmative
measures to prevent human rights from harms caused by climate change, including
foreseeable long-term harms, breaches this obligation.
L. Nurhidayah
Threat to Health and Food Security
Coastal inundation, storm surge as a result of SLR followed by land subsidence
has increased the risk of health including the increasing of outbreak of dengue
fever, tuberculosis as well as physiological stresses due to extreme climate events.
Climate change will influence yields and sea-level rise can inundate producing land.
According to a study by Chen et al., combination of crops yield and sea-level effects
causes significant reduction in production and an increase in rice prices which may
have important policy implications for food security (Chen et al. 2012). In addition,
the study suggested that rice production is sensitive to sea-level rise resulting in
annual welfare losses up to US$10.59 billion. The more significant negative impacts
fall in Bangladesh, Japan, Taiwan, Myanmar, Egypt, and Vietnam (Chen et al. 2012).
Threats to Livelihoods and Culture
Sea-level rise (SLR) has negative impacts on local communities’ livelihoods and
cultures. People are losing their agricultural lands because of SLR and are now
shifting their livelihoods from being farmers to become fishermen or as working
laborers in industries as they do not have any productive lands anymore. In addition,
SLR is also a threat to transmission of people’s culture. There are irreversible and
devastating impacts on climate change on cultures, land, and livelihoods. SLR is
washing out the significance of people’s homes and cultural significance such as
graveyards.
Human Rights
State Duties to Protect and Fulfill Facilitate the Enjoyment
of Basic Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights have recognized basic human rights. States have the
responsibility and duty to protect, promote, and implement all human rights and
fundamental basic human rights by adopting steps which are necessary to create all
conditions in the social, economic, as well as legal guarantee required to ensure that
all persons under its jurisdiction are able to enjoy all those rights and freedom.
Climate change threatens human ability to achieve sustainable development and
human survival. States have an obligation to respect, protect, fulfill, and promote
all human rights for all persons without discrimination. Failure to take affirmative
measures to prevent human rights from harms caused by climate change, including
foreseeable long-term harms, breaches this obligation.