26
A. Triyanti et al.
Table 2.1 Potential socio-economic parameters in DRR and CCA case
Socio-economic
categories
Elements of the scenario (O’neill
et al. 2014)
Interpreted elements in DRR and
CCA case
Demographics
• Population including total and age
structure
• Population by age (Cuaresma
and Lutz 2016)
• Vulnerable population
(Birkmann et al. 2015)
• Migration (Birkmann et al.
2015)
• Urban versus rural populations
and forms
• Ibid (Preston 2013)
• Other specified geographical
locations (e.g. coastal versus
inland)
• Vulnerability of coastal areas
(Neumann et al. 2015)
Economic
development
• Global and regional GDP or
productivity trends
• GDP (Birkmann et al. 2015;
Cuaresma and Lutz 2016)
• Economic losses (Preston 2013)
• Regional, national, and
sub-national distribution of GDP
(i.e. economic development of
developing countries)
• Insurance for CC and DRR
• Specific sectoral structure of
national economies (i.e. the share
of agriculture, and land
productivity)
• International aid
• Share of population in extreme
poverty
• Nature of international trade
Welfare
• Human development
• Ibid (Cuaresma and Lutz 2016)
• Educational attainment
• Ibid (see Cuaresma and Lutz
2016)
• Health including access to public
health and health care
infrastructure
Environmental and
ecological factors
• Air, water, soil quality
• The function of ecosystem
• Ecosystem function to reduce
disaster risk (McVittie et al.
2018)
Resources
• Fossil fuel resources and
renewable energy potentials
• Energy and potential disruption
(Fan et al. 2014)
• Other key resources, such as
phosphates, freshwater, etc
(continued)