24
A. Triyanti et al.
in 2030 compared to 2014 values if the policy does not change due to extensive use
of coal (Climate Action Tracker 2018).
In terms of adaptation, Indonesia identified eight sectors including Agriculture,
Coastal Zone, Cross-Cutting Area, Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Education,
Energy, Environment and Health.
Policy progress and country commitment in the latest COP24 in Katowice
submitted by the Indonesian government could be a good start for transforming
policy to support more ambitious climate action. As an outcome of this conference, Indonesia supported the National Adaptation Communication and also transparency and compliance, with consideration of the case of force majeure in the
face of challenges to natural hazard prone countries to implement the NDCs
(UNFCCC 2018a, b).
Review on the Contemporary Use of SSPs in Climate Change
and Disaster Risk in Indonesia
Review of the Scholarly Literatures
Our literature review shows that the emission scenario and projection are abundant
in terms of methodology; however, there is still a lack of understanding on how
these physical projections affect the socio-economic condition, now and in the future
(Wilby et al. 2009).
The number of populations is a crucial factor. General population growth projection in the coastal area (Neumann et al. 2015), Indonesia and other four Asian countries, including China, India, Bangladesh and Vietnam accounted for more than half
of the global low elevation coastal zone population in 2000 and will continue growing
vastly under the future scenarios.
In terms of the relation to disaster, several cases such as the case of Jakarta (Birkmann et al. 2015) shows the exposure and susceptibility due to increasing population
due to floods, cyclones, droughts and sea-level rise.
The sea-level rise is identified as a major threat and increases risk of flooding
in Asian Countries, including the Maldives, Vietnam, Bangladesh, India, China,
Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and Myanmar.
Through quantitative analysis using the World Risk Index and participatory analysis in Jakarta, Birkmann et al. (2015) suggests that adaptation under B1 SRES
scenario will reduce the number of people affected by flooding by 136 million people
in 2100. Main socio-economic parameters in the case of disaster vulnerability are
migration, poverty, social security, labour, energy use and governance (Birkmann
et al. 2015).
A. Triyanti et al.
in 2030 compared to 2014 values if the policy does not change due to extensive use
of coal (Climate Action Tracker 2018).
In terms of adaptation, Indonesia identified eight sectors including Agriculture,
Coastal Zone, Cross-Cutting Area, Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Education,
Energy, Environment and Health.
Policy progress and country commitment in the latest COP24 in Katowice
submitted by the Indonesian government could be a good start for transforming
policy to support more ambitious climate action. As an outcome of this conference, Indonesia supported the National Adaptation Communication and also transparency and compliance, with consideration of the case of force majeure in the
face of challenges to natural hazard prone countries to implement the NDCs
(UNFCCC 2018a, b).
Review on the Contemporary Use of SSPs in Climate Change
and Disaster Risk in Indonesia
Review of the Scholarly Literatures
Our literature review shows that the emission scenario and projection are abundant
in terms of methodology; however, there is still a lack of understanding on how
these physical projections affect the socio-economic condition, now and in the future
(Wilby et al. 2009).
The number of populations is a crucial factor. General population growth projection in the coastal area (Neumann et al. 2015), Indonesia and other four Asian countries, including China, India, Bangladesh and Vietnam accounted for more than half
of the global low elevation coastal zone population in 2000 and will continue growing
vastly under the future scenarios.
In terms of the relation to disaster, several cases such as the case of Jakarta (Birkmann et al. 2015) shows the exposure and susceptibility due to increasing population
due to floods, cyclones, droughts and sea-level rise.
The sea-level rise is identified as a major threat and increases risk of flooding
in Asian Countries, including the Maldives, Vietnam, Bangladesh, India, China,
Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and Myanmar.
Through quantitative analysis using the World Risk Index and participatory analysis in Jakarta, Birkmann et al. (2015) suggests that adaptation under B1 SRES
scenario will reduce the number of people affected by flooding by 136 million people
in 2100. Main socio-economic parameters in the case of disaster vulnerability are
migration, poverty, social security, labour, energy use and governance (Birkmann
et al. 2015).