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H. Warsilah
The research finding conducted by LIPI (2017 and 2018) shows that access to
marine resources relates to four power as described by Hall et al. (2011), force of
regulation, force of market, force of institution, and force of legitimation, while
power of social institution and force of social relation have been exercised in marine
exclusion in Benoa and Jakarta bay. Massive protests by social activists against
reclamation, as a result, have pushed forward power of social institution, based on
solidarity of the community. Each power has its own mechanism, process, and actors.
Comparing to five forms of power above, the combination of power between mechanism of rites-cultural and socio-ecological conservation has succeed to suppress
reclamation activities and market power. Meanwhile, power of force is contextual,
and power of legitimation still has a dominant role supported by force of regulation.
The combination of force of regulation and force of market, both usually penetrate
into governmental bodies (Ministries of marine and coastal areas) because marine
affairs are under direction of central and local government.
A massive Benoa bay reclamation plan conducted by PT TWBI
7 has been rejected
by various communities, NGO’s, and local elites. TWBI’s idea of revitalization of
Benoa bay, reclamation activities according their version are as follows:
1. Formation of new islands and to deepen the pit, in order to channel the water
efficiently to mangrove forest.
2. Take a distance of water canal to get a better flushing.
– The distance between mangrove forest and the island is 100 m.
– The distance between islands is 75–300 m.
3. Reclamation activities in Benoa water will not include mangrove forest.
4. Reclamation is to protect and to fix sea flows.
5. Previously, the size of Pudut Island located in Benoa bay is 5 Ha. Due to abrasion,
its size decreases to 1 Ha. By land reclamation, this island will be resized to 8
Ha, and on the island will be built a cultural center.
6. To deepen water canals, minimum 2.5 m on tides.
7. Revitalization and rehabilitation people’s plantation which the size previously is
1373 Ha and now is 900 Ha (from various media in Bali, 2016–2018).
On the artificial islands of Benoa bay reclamation plan, investors will establish a
Bali cultural center and new exhibitions; center of commerce of Balinese and national
products; conservation center and celebrity travel destination; Botanical Garden, Eco
park, Eco resorts; public and social infrastructures; new alternatives roads from East
to West, international recreational parks, water and waste management areas; green
energy infrastructures; iconic buildings; iconic bridges; and center of international
tourism. In short, branded by theme “One Stop Shopping”, tourists will be entertained
with various and luxury things provided in one place. There is no need to visit other
places in Bali. Everyone will enjoy shopping, recreation, and sport activities in one
7 Tommy Winata is one of the most successful conglomerates in Indonesia and the owner of PT
TWBI, the investor of Benoa Bay Reclamation, Bali.
H. Warsilah
The research finding conducted by LIPI (2017 and 2018) shows that access to
marine resources relates to four power as described by Hall et al. (2011), force of
regulation, force of market, force of institution, and force of legitimation, while
power of social institution and force of social relation have been exercised in marine
exclusion in Benoa and Jakarta bay. Massive protests by social activists against
reclamation, as a result, have pushed forward power of social institution, based on
solidarity of the community. Each power has its own mechanism, process, and actors.
Comparing to five forms of power above, the combination of power between mechanism of rites-cultural and socio-ecological conservation has succeed to suppress
reclamation activities and market power. Meanwhile, power of force is contextual,
and power of legitimation still has a dominant role supported by force of regulation.
The combination of force of regulation and force of market, both usually penetrate
into governmental bodies (Ministries of marine and coastal areas) because marine
affairs are under direction of central and local government.
A massive Benoa bay reclamation plan conducted by PT TWBI
7 has been rejected
by various communities, NGO’s, and local elites. TWBI’s idea of revitalization of
Benoa bay, reclamation activities according their version are as follows:
1. Formation of new islands and to deepen the pit, in order to channel the water
efficiently to mangrove forest.
2. Take a distance of water canal to get a better flushing.
– The distance between mangrove forest and the island is 100 m.
– The distance between islands is 75–300 m.
3. Reclamation activities in Benoa water will not include mangrove forest.
4. Reclamation is to protect and to fix sea flows.
5. Previously, the size of Pudut Island located in Benoa bay is 5 Ha. Due to abrasion,
its size decreases to 1 Ha. By land reclamation, this island will be resized to 8
Ha, and on the island will be built a cultural center.
6. To deepen water canals, minimum 2.5 m on tides.
7. Revitalization and rehabilitation people’s plantation which the size previously is
1373 Ha and now is 900 Ha (from various media in Bali, 2016–2018).
On the artificial islands of Benoa bay reclamation plan, investors will establish a
Bali cultural center and new exhibitions; center of commerce of Balinese and national
products; conservation center and celebrity travel destination; Botanical Garden, Eco
park, Eco resorts; public and social infrastructures; new alternatives roads from East
to West, international recreational parks, water and waste management areas; green
energy infrastructures; iconic buildings; iconic bridges; and center of international
tourism. In short, branded by theme “One Stop Shopping”, tourists will be entertained
with various and luxury things provided in one place. There is no need to visit other
places in Bali. Everyone will enjoy shopping, recreation, and sport activities in one
7 Tommy Winata is one of the most successful conglomerates in Indonesia and the owner of PT
TWBI, the investor of Benoa Bay Reclamation, Bali.